Q P andQ S in Beijing and Jianchuan, Yunnan areas

Wu, Francis T.; Wang, Pei-De; Chen, Yun-Tai

doi:10.1007/bf02652406

Cited by 27 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The parameters employed to parameterize a SAR in this paper are (1) the maximum area of the sunspot groups, (2) the soft X-ray flare index, (3) the 10.7 cm radio peak flux, and (4) the shortterm total solar irradiance decrease (ΔTSI). All or part of them have been used to parameterize the SARs by other authors (Bai 1987(Bai , 1988Wu & Zhang 1995;Li & Wang 1997;Tian et al 2002;Romano & Zuccarello 2007;Wang et al 2011). We derive the data that we analyze from the National Geophysical Data Center 1 , the Space Weather Prediction Center 2 and the Marshall Space Flight Center 3 .…”

Section: Parameterizing Solar Sarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selection was made based on five criterion conditions, including the short-term total solar irradiance decrease and an additional four criterion conditions similar to those of Tian et al (2002), except for the geomagnetic A p index. Since different parameters were used to parameterize SARs by different authors (Bai 1987(Bai , 1988Wu & Zhang 1995;Li & Wang 1997;Tian et al 2002;Romano & Zuccarello 2007;Wang et al 2011), we try in this present paper to select an adequate set of criterion parameters and reparameterize the SARs in the last three solar cycles. This is only the first step of a sequence of stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He found that 100 SARs produced 46% of all the major flares in solar cycles 19-21 and that these SARs appeared more frequently in some areas that were called either "hot spots" or "active zones" on the Sun. Wu & Zhang (1995) and Li & Wang (1997) studied the most violent ARs (SARs) in solar cycles 22 and 21, respectively. Wu & Zhang (1995) had selected 13 SARs in solar cycle 22 based on five parameters: the maximum area of the sunspot group, the index of the X class X-ray flare, the maximum 10.7 cm radio flux, the short-term total solar irradiance decrease, and the maximum proton flux.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wu & Zhang (1995) and Li & Wang (1997) studied the most violent ARs (SARs) in solar cycles 22 and 21, respectively. Wu & Zhang (1995) had selected 13 SARs in solar cycle 22 based on five parameters: the maximum area of the sunspot group, the index of the X class X-ray flare, the maximum 10.7 cm radio flux, the short-term total solar irradiance decrease, and the maximum proton flux. A total of 16 SARs in solar cycle 21 were chosen by Li & Wang (1997), who used the parameters as in Wu & Zhang (1995) except for the short-term total solar irradiance decrease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wu & Zhang (1995) had selected 13 SARs in solar cycle 22 based on five parameters: the maximum area of the sunspot group, the index of the X class X-ray flare, the maximum 10.7 cm radio flux, the short-term total solar irradiance decrease, and the maximum proton flux. A total of 16 SARs in solar cycle 21 were chosen by Li & Wang (1997), who used the parameters as in Wu & Zhang (1995) except for the short-term total solar irradiance decrease. The magnetic properties of the most violent SARs (VSARs) in solar cycles 22 and 23 were studied by Tian et al (2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical properties of superactive regions during solar cycles 19–23

Chen

Wang

et al. 2011

A&A

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Context. Each solar activity cycle is characterized by a small number of superactive regions (SARs) that produce the most violent of space weather events with the greatest disastrous influence on our living environment. Aims. We aim to re-parameterize the SARs and study the latitudinal and longitudinal distributions of SARs. Methods. We select 45 SARs in solar cycles 21-23, according to the following four parameters: 1) the maximum area of sunspot group, 2) the soft X-ray flare index, 3) the 10.7 cm radio peak flux, and 4) the variation in the total solar irradiance. Another 120 SARs given by previous studies of solar cycles 19-23 are also included. The latitudinal and longitudinal distributions of the 165 SARs in both the Carrington frame and the dynamic reference frame during solar cycles 19-23 are studied statistically. Results. Our results indicate that these 45 SARs produced 44% of all the X class X-ray flares during solar cycles 21-23, and that all the SARs are likely to produce a very fast CME. The latitudinal distributions of SARs display the Maunder butterfly diagrams and SARs occur preferentially in the maximum period of each solar cycle. Northern hemisphere SARs dominated in solar cycles 19 and 20 and southern hemisphere SARs dominated in solar cycles 21 and 22. In solar cycle 23, however, SARs occurred about equally in each hemisphere. There are two active longitudes in both the northern and southern hemispheres, about 160• -200• apart. Applying the improved dynamic reference frame to SARs, we find that SARs rotate faster than the Carrington rate and there is no significant difference between the two hemispheres. The synodic periods are 27.19 days and 27.25 days for the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. The longitudinal distribution of SARs is significantly non-axisymmetric and about 75% SARs occurred near two active longitudes with half widths of 45• .

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Section: Parameterizing Solar Sarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical properties of superactive regions during solar cycles 19–23

Chen

Wang

et al. 2011

A&A

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Isomerie und blaue Elektrolumineszenz einer neuartigen Organoborverbindung: BIII2(O)(7-azain)2Ph2

Esteghamatian

et al. 1999

Angewandte Chemie

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Helles blaues Licht mit einem Maximum bei 450 nm emittieren die beiden Strukturisomere des neuartigen, stabilen BIII2(O)(7‐azain)2Ph2 (7‐azain = 7‐Azaindol‐Anion) beim Bestrahlen mit UV‐Licht. Das im Bild gezeigte Isomer ist nahezu C2‐symmetrisch (das nicht gezeigte andere Isomer etwa Cs‐symmetrisch) und elektroluminesziert auch, wenn es als emittierende Schicht in einem Elektrolumineszenz‐Bauelement verwendet wird.

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Compositae Plants Differed in Leaf Cuticular Waxes between High and Low Altitudes

Guo

Gao

et al. 2016

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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We sampled eight Compositae species at high altitude (3482 m) and seven species at low altitude (220 m), analyzed the chemical compositions and contents of leaf cuticular wax, and calculated the values of average chain length (ACL), carbon preference index (CPI), dispersion (d), dispersion/weighted mean chain length (d/N), and C31 /(C31 + C29 ) (Norm31). The amounts of total wax and compositions were significantly higher at high altitude than at low altitude, except for primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, and ketone. The main n-alkanes in most samples were C31 , C29 , and C33 . Low altitude had more C31 and C33 , whereas more C29 occurred at high altitude. The ACL, CPI, d, d/N, and Norma 31 were higher at low altitude than at high altitude. The fatty acid and primary alcohol at low altitude contained more C26 homologous than at high altitude. More short-chain primary alcohols were observed at high altitude. At low altitude, the primary alcohol gave on average the largest amount, while it was n-alkane at high altitude. These results indicated that the variations of leaf cuticular waxes benefited Compositae plants to adapt to various environmental stresses and enlarge their distribution.

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Q P andQ S in Beijing and Jianchuan, Yunnan areas

Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

Statistical properties of superactive regions during solar cycles 19–23

Statistical properties of superactive regions during solar cycles 19–23

Isomerie und blaue Elektrolumineszenz einer neuartigen Organoborverbindung: BIII2(O)(7-azain)2Ph2

Compositae Plants Differed in Leaf Cuticular Waxes between High and Low Altitudes

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