Q-Ball as Dark Matter

Abstract

A Q-ball is a non-topological soliton which exists in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). It is shown that Q-balls are naturally produced in the early universe associated with AffleckDine mechanism for baryogenesis and they explain both baryon number and dark matter of the universe.

75As NMR studies of superconducting Ba0.72K0.28Fe2As2

“…Moreover, 1/T 1 shows a ''knee" shape around T $ T c /2, which is contrast to the ''concave" shape in the single gap superconductor. Such multiple gaps feature has been found in the electron-doped PrFeAsO 0.89 F 0.11 [3] and LaFeAsO 0.92 F 0.08 [4].…”

“…Upon electron or hole doping, AF ordering is suppressed and superconductivity arises. The superconductivity is found to be in the spin-singlet state with multiple gaps [3,4] which is likely associated with the multiple electronic bands. In order to investigate the anisotropy of electron correlation and superconductivity, we performed 75 As Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) on a single crystal Ba 0.72 K 0.28 Fe 2 As 2 (T c = 31.5 K).…”

Charge-screened nontopological solitons in a spontaneously broken U(1) gauge theory

“…The characteristic property of the solitons in this system is the perfect charge screening [8], namely, cancellation of the charge density of the complex scalar field by the counter charge cloud of the other fields everywhere. This is a desirable property for the nontopological solitons to be dark matter [9][10][11]. It is interesting that how much amount of the charge screened nontopological solitons produced during the evolution of the early stage of the universe [12][13][14][15].…”