PZT-Based Soil Compactness Measuring Sheet Using Electromechanical Impedance

Wu, Jianchao; Yang, Gang; Wang, Xing; Li, Weijie

doi:10.1109/jsen.2020.2991580

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Ritdumrongkul's research also showed that some peak frequencies in the real part of the EMI signal corresponded to the vibration modes of the beam coupled with a PZT patch [9]. For the small size, light weight, and high accuracy of the PZT patch, measurement and monitoring based on the EMI have been widely applied by many researchers, such as in damage monitoring [10,11], bolt connection monitoring [12,13], grinding process monitoring [14,15], wear monitoring [16,17], soil monitoring [18,19], and stress monitoring [20,21]. Carbajo and his research team have preliminarily investigated the feasibility of determining the elastic moduli of several kinds of materials based on the EMI response of the PZT patch for the first time [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Pine Based on the PZT Transducer

Li,

Xu,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Forests

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new method for the determination of the dynamic modulus of elasticity (Ed) of pine wood, based on the transverse vibration excitation and electromechanical impedance (EMI) response of the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer is proposed. The influence of the length to thickness ratio of the pine specimen on the measurement accuracy was studied through modal simulation analysis. Based on the results of the modal simulation, the size of the pine specimen was optimized, and the scanning frequency range of the EMI response was determined. On this basis, the EMI simulation and test of the pine specimen coupled with a PZT patch were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the novel method. The impedance simulation results of three kinds of pine specimens show that a unique and significant formant appears in the real part of each EMI response curve, and the maximum relative errors of the rectangular PZT patch and circular PZT patch are 1.34% and 1.81%, respectively. The impedance test results of three kinds of pine specimens indicate that the maximum relative errors of the rectangular PZT patch and circular PZT patch are 1.41% and 1.68%, respectively, compared with the corresponding results obtained by the traditional transverse vibration method. Simulation and experimental results verify the validity of the proposed method for the elastic modulus determination of pine wood.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Pine Based on the PZT Transducer

Li,

Xu,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Forests

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The proposed deviation method exhibited improved performance in identifying minor damages. In summary, EMI analysis is an effective SHM method, and small piezoelectric ceramic sheets have become ideal sensing elements for the long-term monitoring of major infrastructure owing to their excellent stability, durability, and distributed sensing characteristics [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the influence of an adhesive layer on the monitoring signal of piezoelectric sensors

Yu,

Guo,

Yue

et al. 2023

Smart Mater. Struct.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electromechanical impedance (EMI) technology, as one of the important methods for analyzing and studying the interaction between sensors and structures, has the characteristics of clear physical meaning and high computational efficiency. However, for complex structures, it is difficult to quantitatively combine the measured impedance signal with the physical parameters of the tested structure. Therefore, establishing an appropriate EMI model is crucial to facilitate the quantitative analysis of structural health monitoring. The impedance models developed so far assume perfect adhesion between PZT and the structure, with displacement compatibility, and ignore the shear lag effect of the adhesive layer. Therefore, this research focuses on analyzing how surface-bonded PZT couples with the structure through the adhesives and conducting a shear layer analysis on two-dimensional (2-D) circular PZT to derive a closed-form solution for shear lag distribution. The shear lag effect is integrated into the 2D impedance formula. The influence of the adhesive layer on bolt loosening monitoring is studied, and it is proven that the modified EMI model can effectively predict the shear lag effect of the adhesive layer. The result of relative error analysis proves that conventional adhesive PZT also exhibits the shear lag phenomenon. The influence of different thicknesses of adhesive layers on sensor sensitivity is studied. The experimental results show that as the thickness of the adhesive layer decreases, the monitoring sensitivity of the sensor increases. Moreover, for slight bolt loosening, the thickness of the adhesive layer can affect the monitoring frequency.

show abstract

“…During the last and a half decades, piezoelectric materials based structural health monitoring (SHM) have received considerable attention in the engineering community (Huo et al, 2017;Song et al, 2017;Wu et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2016Zhang et al, , 2020b. Among the SHM field, the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique has emerged as a powerful technique for diagnosing structural condition and damage (Li et al, 2018(Li et al, , 2019aWu et al, 2020). The basic principle behind the EMI technique is to apply high-frequency excitation (typically higher than 10 kHz) through the surface-bonded or embedded piezoelectric transducers, and measure the electrical impedance of the current and voltage applied to the transducers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to now, experimental implementation of the EMI-based technique has been successfully applied to many engineering fields, including civil engineering (Fan et al, 2018;Yabin et al, 2016), mechanical engineering (Pavelko et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2018aWang et al, , 2018b, and geotechnical engineering (Wu et al, 2018b). In geotechnical engineering, different types of application, such as soil strength (Zhang et al, 2020a), load-induced damage of rocks (Yang et al, 2007(Yang et al, , 2008, soil compactness (Wu et al, 2020), interlayer slide (Wu et al, 2018a) can be effectively detected by the technique. In civil engineering field, the technique was more widely applied, for example, the strength development monitoring of concrete (Lu et al, 2020;Negi et al, 2018;Tawie and Lee, 2010), rebar corrosion assessment (Li et al, 2019b;Talakokula et al, 2014), grout compactness measurement (Shi et al, 2018), interfacial debonding detection (Li et al, 2018;Xiao et al, 2016), etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of drying-induced soil moisture loss with PZT-based EMI technique

Fang

Wang

et al. 2022

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Air-drying process of soil is a crucial procedure in geological and geotechnical engineering. Drying-induced ground subsidence and damage to overlying buildings is a widespread and urgent problem. Monitoring of drying-induced water evaporation in soil is of great importance. In this paper, soil moisture loss monitoring based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer using electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique was investigated. A physical model test in our laboratory was conducted to study the feasibility and applicability. In the experimental research, three identical PZT transducers that were wrapped with waterproof insulation glue were pre-embedded inside a cohesive soil specimen. In addition, another PZT transducer was embedded in a sandy soil specimen to explore the application effect in soil with different composition. EMI signatures of these four PZT patches during the air-drying process were collected and analyzed. Experimental results indicated that the peak frequency in the conductance signatures presented a rightward shift as the water evaporates. Moreover, the corresponding peak magnitude keep decreasing with the continuous development of soil moisture loss. To better quantify the variations, two statistical metrics including root mean square deviation (RMSD) and mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD) were employed to study the changing characteristics of the EMI signatures. All these two metrics increase coincidentally in the process. Experimental results demonstrate that cohesive and sandy soil moisture loss monitoring by using the embedded PZT transducer is feasible and reliable. This work also serves as a proof-of-concept study to demonstrate the performance of the EMI technique in monitoring the soil moisture content.

show abstract

PZT-Based Soil Compactness Measuring Sheet Using Electromechanical Impedance

Cited by 12 publications

References 50 publications

Determination of the Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Pine Based on the PZT Transducer

Determination of the Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Pine Based on the PZT Transducer

Research on the influence of an adhesive layer on the monitoring signal of piezoelectric sensors

Monitoring of drying-induced soil moisture loss with PZT-based EMI technique

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About