Pythiosis in cats in northeastern Brazil

Souto, Erick Platiní Ferreira de; Maia, Lisanka Ângelo; Virgínio, Jânio Pereira; Carneiro, Rosileide dos Santos; Kommers, Gláucia D.; Riet-Correa, Franklin; Galiza, Glauco José Nogueira de; Dantas, Antônio Flávio Medeiros

doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.101005

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Feline pythiosis has been reported in the US Gulf States (in particular Louisiana), 149,150 Brazil [151][152][153][154] and Spain. 145 The authors have also diagnosed cases in Hong Kong.…”

Section: < Clinicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…✜ Geographic distribution Oomycetes causing feline IFLIs occur in tropical and subtropical regions, as well as some temperate regions such as California and Arizona. Feline pythiosis has been reported in the US Gulf States (in particular Louisi-ana), 149,150 Brazil 151-154 and Spain. 145 The authors have also diagnosed cases in Hong Kong.…”

Section: Diagnostic Approach For Selected Invasive Fungal and Fungal-...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Invasive Fungal Infections and Oomycoses in Cats: 1. Diagnostic approach

Barrs,

Bęczkowski,

Talbot

et al. 2024

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Clinical relevance: In contrast to superficial fungal infections, such as dermatophytosis, invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are characterised by penetration of tissues by fungal elements. Disease can spread locally within a region or can disseminate haematogenously or via the lymphatics. The environment is the most common reservoir of infection. Since fungal spores are airborne, indoor cats are also susceptible to IFIs. Some environmental fungi are ubiquitous and present globally, while others are endemic or hyperendemic within specific geographic regions. Zoonotic pathogens include Microsporum canis, Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis. Aim: In the first of a two-part article series, the approach to the investigation of feline IFIs and oomycoses is reviewed. As well as tips for diagnosis, and information on the ecological niche and distribution of fungal pathogens, the review covers clinical presentation of the most common IFIs, including cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, sporotrichosis, phaeohyphomycosis, aspergillosis and dermatophytic pseudomycetoma, as well as the oomycoses pythiosis, lagenidiosis and paralagenidiosis. In Part 2, the spectrum of activity, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and adverse effects of antifungal drugs are reviewed, and the treatment and prognosis for specific IFIs and oomycoses are discussed. Evidence base: The review draws on published evidence and the authors' combined expertise in feline medicine, mycology, dermatology, clinical pathology and anatomical pathology.

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“…Feline pythiosis has been reported in the US Gulf States (in particular Louisiana), 149,150 Brazil [151][152][153][154] and Spain. 145 The authors have also diagnosed cases in Hong Kong.…”

Section: < Clinicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnostic Approach For Selected Invasive Fungal and Fungal-...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive Fungal Infections and Oomycoses in Cats: 1. Diagnostic approach

Barrs,

Bęczkowski,

Talbot

et al. 2024

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…21,31 Pythiosis in cats is uncommon, likely due to their water aversion, but, when present, skin lesions resemble those observed in dogs. 93 With lagenidiosis, the frequent ulceration and regions of necrosis in cutaneous lesions can lead to a misdiagnosis of bacterial infection and erroneous treatment with antibiotics. 62 As with pythiosis, cutaneous lesions are progressive, locally invasive, and often fail to respond to therapy.…”

Section: Fungal Infections Causing Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Nodular...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyphae, pseudohyphae, yeasts, spherules, spores, and more: A review on the morphology and pathology of fungal and oomycete infections in the skin of domestic animals

et al. 2023

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Fungi are among the most common infectious agents affecting the skin of animals. The skin can serve as a port of entry for fungal infections, which can eventually become disseminated. In some regions of the world, oomycetes, such as Pythium and Lagenidium, are also responsible for a significant number of severe cutaneous infections. Histologic evaluation of fungal morphology, including size, shape, septation, branching, and budding characteristics, combined with the distribution of inflammatory infiltrates within different skin layers can potentially identify etiologic agents, guiding selection of antifungals and additional diagnostics. Fungal infections of the skin surface are typically caused by Malassezia and rarely Candida, with opportunistic fungi also capable of colonizing the skin surface, especially when the barrier is broken. Folliculocentric infections, caused by dermatophytes, result in mild to severe inflammation and can occasionally penetrate deep into the skin. A wide range of fungi, including agents of hyalohyphomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis, and dimorphic fungal infections, as well as oomycetes, result in nodular cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions. With the occasional exception of dimorphic fungi, fungal speciation often requires cultures performed on fresh tissues. However, molecular techniques such as pan-fungal polymerase chain reaction on paraffin blocks is becoming an increasingly useful tool to distinguish between cutaneous fungal pathogens. This review focuses on describing the clinical and histologic features of the most common fungal and oomycete infections affecting the skin of animals, divided according to distribution patterns of lesions and fungal or oomycete morphology.

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“…To a much lesser extent, some affected animals (n = 350; 10.2%) came with clinical manifestations associated with gastrointestinal (n = 249; 7.3%), disseminated (n = 25; 0.7%), pulmonary (n = 4; 0.1%), or other organ (n = 5; 0.1%) infection (Table 3). Gastrointestinal pythiosis (n = 249) was mostly observed in dogs (n = 235; 94.4%), but rarely detected in other animal species, such as horses (n = 5; 2.0%) [150][151][152][153][154], cats (n = 4; 1.6%) [155][156][157], sheep (n = 2; 0.8%) [158], camels (n = 1; 0.4%) [159], ostrich (n = 1) [85], and tiger (n = 1) [87] (Table 3). Disseminated pythiosis in animals usually began with a cutaneous/subcutaneous infection and progressed to the bone, liver, lung, or other organs [126][127][128][129][130][131][132]160].…”

Section: Clinical Features Of Pythiosis In Humans and Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Distribution and Clinical Features of Pythiosis in Humans and Animals

Yolanda

Krajaejun

2022

JoF

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Pythiosis is a difficult-to-treat infectious disease caused by Pythium insidiosum. The condition is unfamiliar among healthcare workers. Manifestation of pythiosis is similar to other fungal infections, leading to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. The geographical extent of pythiosis at a global scale is unclear. This study aimed to analyze the clinical information recorded in the scientific literature to comprehensively project epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, and future trends of pythiosis. From 1980 to 2021, 4203 cases of pythiosis in humans (n = 771; 18.3%) and animals (primarily horse, dog, and cow; n = 3432; 81.7%), with an average of 103 cases/year, were recruited. Pythiosis case reports significantly increased in the last decade. Pythiosis spanned 23 tropical, subtropical, and temperate countries worldwide. Some patients acquired pythiosis from a trip to an endemic country. Strikingly, 94.3% of human cases were in India and Thailand, while 79.2% of affected animals were in the U.S.A. and Brazil. Clinical features of pythiosis varied. Vascular and ocular pythiosis were only observed in humans, whereas cutaneous/subcutaneous and gastrointestinal infections were predominant in animals. Mortality depended on host species and clinical forms: for example, none in patients with ocular pythiosis, 0.7% in cows with a cutaneous lesion, 26.8% in humans with vascular disease, 86.4% in dogs with gastrointestinal pathology, and 100% in several animals with disseminated infection. In summary, this study reports up-to-date epidemiological and clinical features of pythiosis in humans and animals. It increases awareness of this life-threatening disease, as the illness or outbreak can exist in any country, not limited to the endemic areas.

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Pythiosis in cats in northeastern Brazil

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Invasive Fungal Infections and Oomycoses in Cats: 1. Diagnostic approach

Invasive Fungal Infections and Oomycoses in Cats: 1. Diagnostic approach

Hyphae, pseudohyphae, yeasts, spherules, spores, and more: A review on the morphology and pathology of fungal and oomycete infections in the skin of domestic animals

Global Distribution and Clinical Features of Pythiosis in Humans and Animals

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