Pyruvate transport systems in organelles: future directions in C4 biology research

Furumoto, Tsuyoshi

doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2016.04.007

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In addition to or as a result of exposure to excessive ROS/RNS, many pathological cells adopt an alternative method to more rapidly generate ATP to support their metabolism; this involves upregulating glycolysis and rewiring pyruvate metabolism. As an end product of glycolysis, pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria in normally functioning cells, where it is irreversibly decarboxylated to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) [172]. This important product enters the tricarboxylic (TCA)/citric acid cycle (CAC) and eventually improves the efficiency of the ETC and miOXPHOS [173].…”

Section: Melatonin In Mitochondria: Relation To Oxidative Stress and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin and Pathological Cell Interactions: Mitochondrial Glucose Processing in Cancer Cells

Reíter

Sharma

Rosales-Corral

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Melatonin is synthesized in the pineal gland at night. Since melatonin is produced in the mitochondria of all other cells in a non-circadian manner, the amount synthesized by the pineal gland is less than 5% of the total. Melatonin produced in mitochondria influences glucose metabolism in all cells. Many pathological cells adopt aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) in which pyruvate is excluded from the mitochondria and remains in the cytosol where it is metabolized to lactate. The entrance of pyruvate into the mitochondria of healthy cells allows it to be irreversibly decarboxylated by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). The exclusion of pyruvate from the mitochondria in pathological cells prevents the generation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate. This is relevant to mitochondrial melatonin production, as acetyl-CoA is a required co-substrate/co-factor for melatonin synthesis. When PDH is inhibited during aerobic glycolysis or during intracellular hypoxia, the deficiency of acetyl-CoA likely prevents mitochondrial melatonin synthesis. When cells experiencing aerobic glycolysis or hypoxia with a diminished level of acetyl-CoA are supplemented with melatonin or receive it from another endogenous source (pineal-derived), pathological cells convert to a more normal phenotype and support the transport of pyruvate into the mitochondria, thereby re-establishing a healthier mitochondrial metabolic physiology.

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Section: Melatonin In Mitochondria: Relation To Oxidative Stress and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin and Pathological Cell Interactions: Mitochondrial Glucose Processing in Cancer Cells

Reíter

Sharma

Rosales-Corral

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…While candidates for mitochondrial pyruvate carriers (MPCs) have not been identified in the classic MCF yet, the identity and functionality of a series of MPCs, non-MCF members, have been reported in yeast, T. brucei , drosophila, mouse and humans [ 140 , 141 , 142 ]. The biochemical properties of MPCs have been extensively studied and expertly reviewed [ 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 ] mainly due to the research efforts to understand the importance of MPCs in metabolism-related human diseases. Furthermore, in S. cerevisiae it was demonstrated that MPC is a hetero-dimer in its functional state providing the basis for the structure elucidation of the functional complex [ 147 ].…”

Section: Biochemical Characterization Of Plant Mcf Membersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Roles of Plant Mitochondrial Carriers

2020

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Mitochondrial carriers (MC) are a large family (MCF) of inner membrane transporters displaying diverse, yet often redundant, substrate specificities, as well as differing spatio-temporal patterns of expression; there are even increasing examples of non-mitochondrial subcellular localization. The number of these six trans-membrane domain proteins in sequenced plant genomes ranges from 39 to 141, rendering the size of plant families larger than that found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and comparable with Homo sapiens. Indeed, comparison of plant MCs with those from these better characterized species has been highly informative. Here, we review the most recent comprehensive studies of plant MCFs, incorporating the torrent of genomic data emanating from next-generation sequencing techniques. As such we present a more current prediction of the substrate specificities of these carriers as well as review the continuing quest to biochemically characterize this feature of the carriers. Taken together, these data provide an important resource to guide direct genetic studies aimed at addressing the relevance of these vital carrier proteins.

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“…The dark fixation of inorganic C by roots of terrestrial plants has been reported, with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc) identified as the likely primary carboxylating enzyme (Lee & Woolhouse, 1969). Keto acids generated from de-amination of amino acids are central to both plant C and N metabolism and transport within plant tissues and organelles is known to occur (Hanning et al, 1999;Fernie et al, 2004;Furumoto, 2016). However, their uptake by roots from soil has not been investigated to our knowledge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it may not be the only organic compound released to the soil following microbial modification of l ‐alanine C, it likely to be the overwhelmingly most abundant form during the short term period. Pyruvate is central to C metabolism and transporters in plants have been identified (Furumoto, ). Consequently, its acquisition by roots as a fragment following microbial modification of l ‐alanine in soil seems plausible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant–microbe competition: does injection of isotopes of C and N into the rhizosphere effectively characterise plant use of soil N?

Hill

Jones

2018

New Phytologist

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Despite considerable attention over the last 25 yr, the importance of early protein breakdown products to plant nitrogen (N) nutrition remains uncertain. We used rhizosphere injection of N-, C- and C-labelled inorganic N and amino acid (l-alanine), with chase periods from 1 min to 24 h, to investigate the duration of competition for amino acid between roots (Triticum aestivum) and soil microorganisms. We further investigated how microbial modification of l-alanine influenced plant carbon (C) and N recovery. From recovery of C isotopes, intact alanine uptake was 0.2-1.3% of added. Soil microbes appeared to remove alanine from soil solution within 1 min and release enough NH to account for all plant N recovery (over 24 h) within 5 min. Microbially generated inorganic or keto acid C accounted for< 25% of the lowest estimate of intact alanine uptake. Co-location of C and N labels appears a reasonable measure of intact uptake. Potential interference from microbially modified C is probably modest, but may increase with chase period. Similarly, competition for l-alanine is complete within a few minutes in soil, whereas NO added at the same rate is available for > 24 h, indicating that long chase periods bias outcomes and fail to accurately simulate soil processes.

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Pyruvate transport systems in organelles: future directions in C4 biology research

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Melatonin and Pathological Cell Interactions: Mitochondrial Glucose Processing in Cancer Cells

Melatonin and Pathological Cell Interactions: Mitochondrial Glucose Processing in Cancer Cells

Metabolic Roles of Plant Mitochondrial Carriers

Plant–microbe competition: does injection of isotopes of C and N into the rhizosphere effectively characterise plant use of soil N?

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