Pyrrolidine Derivatives as Anti‐diabetic Agents: Current Status and Future Prospects

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide and is becoming an epidemic in many countries. Sedentary lifestyles, less physical activity, environmental and genetic changes are some of the factors which are responsible for the disease. It is putting a lot of economic burden especially on developing and under developed countries. Hence there is a dire need for the management of this disease. The use of current available therapies is associated with one or more side effects or financial burden. From the past few years, pyrrolidine derivatives have grabbed much of the attention of the researchers for the development of the novel molecules that can be used as a drug candidate for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. The current review attempts and aims at compiling the important work done in this relevant area which will help the researchers to design and synthesize the novel Pyrrolidine derivatives as antidiabetic agents with desired clinical outputs.

C−H Functionalized Molecules: Synthesis, Reaction Mechanism, and Biological Activity

“…To overcome this problem combination therapy or drugs targeting multiple life stages of the parasite are widely used. [87][88][89] Thus, it is essential to develop new safer, and novel target-oriented compounds to confirm sustainable cures and complete eradication of malaria. [90,91] Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic sickness described by elongated hyperglycemia, which can lead to a high threat of carcinoma, nephropathy, heart disease, retinopathy, and metabolic disorders.…”

“…Rapidly developing resistance and severe side effects of presently available drugs are the obstacles to the complete eradication of malaria. To overcome this problem combination therapy or drugs targeting multiple life stages of the parasite are widely used [87–89] . Thus, it is essential to develop new safer, and novel target‐oriented compounds to confirm sustainable cures and complete eradication of malaria [90,91] …”

Photoredox-catalyzed cascade [2 + 2 + 1] cyclization of 1,6-enynes with thiols

“…Five- and six-membered heterocyclic rings are key fragments that can be found in numerous compounds of natural sources, presenting potent biological activities. 1 In particular, a number of sulfur-containing heterocyclic natural products, such as penicillin, neothiobinupharidine, and salacinol, have been applied as anticancer, antibacterial and antidiabetic drugs (Scheme 1a). 1 b ,2 However, obtaining sufficient amounts of sulfur-containing natural products from natural sources for biomedical studies remains a considerable challenge.…”

A novel alpha‐amylase inhibitor‐based spirooxindole‐pyrrolidine‐clubbed thiochromene‐pyrzaole pharmacophores: Unveiling the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction by molecular electron density theory

“…Furthermore, another interesting heterocycle such as pyrrolidine nucleus is one of the most preferred compounds in drug design and industrial applications. In the recent past, several pyrrolidines have been reported and discovered for the treatment of this deadly T2DM disease by targeting different enzyme inhibitors such as α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and DPP‐IV inhibitors (Bhat et al, 2022). Another exciting and interesting pharmacophore unit is the pyrazole scaffold which possesses exclusively most of the pharmacological applications (Karrouchi et al, 2018).…”