C−H Functionalized Molecules: Synthesis, Reaction Mechanism, and Biological Activity

Abstract

Replacement of traditionally unreactive CÀ H bond with CÀ C or CÀ X (X=Hetero atom) has emerged as one of the widely accepted methods over the last few decades for the synthesis of complex organic molecules which can act as important intermediates for the synthesis of biologically active compounds. Selective functionalization of the CÀ H bond especially in the presence of a more reactive CÀ H bond has remained one of the biggest challenges for synthetic organic chemists. The hybridization state of the CÀ H bond, substitution pattern, and presence of directive groups are some of the factors which have been exploited by researchers over the years for achieving fruitful results. A considerable amount of work has been reported in the literature on the use of metal catalysts for CÀ H bond functionalization leading to the formation of a CÀ M (carbon-metal) bond which is also known as CÀ H bond activation. This review aims to summarize various synthetic strategies reported for the CÀ H functionalization, which has led to the development of targeted complex molecules with medicinal properties.

A New Strategy in the Synthesis of Amide‐bearing Pyrrolizine from 2‐Pyroglutamic acid

“…One of the common secondary metabolites is pyrrolizidines and they were first identified for their anti‐feed ant properties [11–13] . Pyrrolizidines have become a sensation due to intoxication on many occasions in animals and humans in almost all countries, including India [14–17] . Pyrrolizidine derivatives were even identified as a potential member for anti‐cancer activity [18–20] .…”