Pyrophoricity of Fine Metal Powders

Evans, Jason P.; Borland, William; Mardon, P.G.

doi:10.1179/pom.1976.19.1.17

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…They found that oxygen and nitrogen films changed the 144 H. RODE AND V. HLA VACEK ignition and combustion behavior of the powders tested. The example of Ti illustrates the point further: Kubaschewski (1959) and Evans et at. (1976) reported that freshly prepared Ti powder ignited at room temperature, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

An Experimental Study of Titanium Powder Reactivity in Gaseous Environments. Part I: Oxidation

Rode

Hlaváček

1994

Combustion Science and Technology

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A simultaneous thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyzer with a range from 20 to t600'C was used to study the oxidation ofTi powder. The influences of powder morphology, initial oxygen and nitrogen content and the effects of heating rate and sample size were investigated. All the oxidation experiments terminated at the sample ignition point with an associated heating effect that induced sample melting.The ignition temperature for oxidation increasedwith higherinitialoxygen content, and the nature of the ignition processchanged:the transitionfrompassivity to combustion via a regimeof gradual oxidation collapsed, bypassing the initial oxidation process observed for powders with lower initial oxygen contents.Cracking of the protective oxide scale played an important part in this behavior. The complete history of the powder needs to be known in order to characterizeits reactivity: simple measurable powder characteristics like particle size, surfacearea and oxygen content alone, are not sufficientfor the determination or powder reactivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

An Experimental Study of Titanium Powder Reactivity in Gaseous Environments. Part I: Oxidation

Rode

Hlaváček

1994

Combustion Science and Technology

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“…free of oxide film), many metals are so reactive that if suddenly dispersed in air they will spontaneously-without any external ignition source-burn/explode; i.e. they are pyrophoric 74) . Being pyrophoric, their MIE is zero and their MIT is below ambient temperature.…”

Section: Effects Of Reducing Particle Size Towards the Size Of Molecumentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Fire and Explosion Hazards of Particulates

Lemkowitz

Pasman

2014

KONA

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Particulate fires and explosions cause substantial loss of life and property. With the goal of understanding, preventing, or at least mitigating particulate fire and explosion hazards, we review basics. We distinguish between 'hazard' and 'risk' and discuss the fire and explosion hazards of particulates, the many factors determining such hazards, hazard indexes, and ways to reduce fire and explosion hazards. While our primary goal is to improve safety, we briefly discuss how fundamental knowledge can be extracted from weapon technology based on particulate combustion. We review the prevention of and protection against particulate explosions and discuss ongoing and future research.

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“…Another reason for the oxidic nature of these small particles lies within their size. Pyrophoricity in air was shown to occur in pure iron powders when the surface area exceeds 6 m 2 /g [37], which corresponds to a particle size of approximately 0.1 lm. It is there-fore very likely that the shown submicron particles were fully oxidized in the electrolyte during testing.…”

Section: Wear In Ringer Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, Chemical and Tribological Properties of the Nickel‐free High‐Nitrogen Steel X13CrMnMoN18‐14‐3 (1.4452)

Koch¹,

Büscher

Tikhovski

et al. 2002

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Due to the fact that the risk of Ni‐allergies are more and more important for modern therapies, the need of Ni‐free implant materials becomes increasingly vital. Beside Co‐ and Ti‐base alloys the new Ni‐free high‐Nitrogen steels might offer an attractive alternative to these expensive materials. The high‐Nitrogen and Ni‐free stainless steel X13CrMnMoN18‐4‐3 (1.4452) is investigated in the solution annealed state as to its corrosion, fatigue and sliding wear behaviour in Ringer solution. Under all test stresses this steel revealed a better behaviour as the conventional 316L‐type X2CrNiMo18‐15‐3. When compared to literature data of solution annealed Ni‐containing high‐Nitrogen steels and Ni‐free Co‐base alloys the 1.4452 shows similar bahaviour. The good fatigue behaviour is attributed to the low stacking fault energy resulting in the total absence of climbing and cross slip. The corrosion properties can be related to the amount of dissolved N. The sliding wear behaviour in a self‐mating contact benefits from both the low stacking fault energy and the characteristic corrosion mechanisms. Together with the elsewhere reported non‐cytotoxicity the steel X13CrMnMoN18‐4‐3 (1.4452) can be considered being suitable for medical applications.

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Pyrophoricity of Fine Metal Powders

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

An Experimental Study of Titanium Powder Reactivity in Gaseous Environments. Part I: Oxidation

An Experimental Study of Titanium Powder Reactivity in Gaseous Environments. Part I: Oxidation

A Review of the Fire and Explosion Hazards of Particulates

Mechanical, Chemical and Tribological Properties of the Nickel‐free High‐Nitrogen Steel X13CrMnMoN18‐14‐3 (1.4452)

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