Pyrolysis Oil from the Fruit and Cake of Jatropha curcas Produced Using a Low Temperature Conversion (LTC) Process: Analysis of a Pyrolysis Oil-Diesel Blend

Abstract

Background: the LTC process is a technique that consists of heating solid residues at a temperature of 380˚C -420˚C in an inert atmosphere and their products are evaluated individually: these products include pyrolysis oil, pyrolytic char, gas and water. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of the use of oils obtained by pyrolysis of Jatropha curcas as an additive for diesel in different proportions. Results: a Low Temperature Conversion (LTC) process carried out on samples of Jatropha curcas fruit and generated pyrolysis oil, pyrolyic char, gas and aqueous fractions in relative amounts of 23%, 37%, 16% and 14% [w/w] respectively for Jatropha curcas fruit and 19%, 47%, 12% and 22% [w/w] respectively for Jatropha curcas cake. The oil fractions were analyzed by FTIR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, GCMS and physicochemical analysis. The pyrolysis oil was added to final concentrations of 2%, 5%, 10% and 20% [w/w] to commercial diesel fuel. The density, viscosity, sulfur content and flash point of the mixtures were determined. Conclusions: the results indicated that the addition of the pyrolysis oil maintained the mixtures within the standards of the diesel directive, National Petroleum Agency (ANP nº 15, of 19/7/2006), with the exception of the viscosity of the mixtures containing 20% pyrolysis oil.

Morphological and thermal properties of composites prepared with poly(lactic acid), poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride), and biochar from microwave-pyrolyzed jatropha seeds

“…There has been only limited research regarding biochar specifically derived via the microwave pyrolysis of jatropha seeds (Figueiredo et al 2011;Franceschi et al 2015;Das et al 2018). The fruits and seeds from Jatropha curcas L. are known to be a good alternative source for ecological biodiesel.…”

“…The fruits and seeds from Jatropha curcas L. are known to be a good alternative source for ecological biodiesel. There are numerous studies showing good oil yield from jatropha seeds and their potential applicability as a biodiesel using pyrolysis processing procedures as the extraction method (Carels 2009;Figueiredo et al 2011;Kanaujia et al 2016;Sugumaran et al 2017;Ruggiero et al 2019). After pressing a high portion of oil from the fruits and seeds, the residual material is considered toxic and requires additional chemical processing to be used as agricultural feedstock (Ruggiero et al 2019).…”

Chapter 4. Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) as a New Biofuel Feedstock for Semi-arid and Arid Regions and Its Agro-ecological Sustainability Issues

“…The fruit and seed cakes of JCL can be converted to pyrolysis oil using a lowtemperature conversion process [83]. The conversion rate to oil was 23% and 19% for fruit and seed cakes, respectively.…”

Charcoal Yield and Fixed Carbone Content of Jatropha Seed Cake Pyrolysis: Effect of Preheating Temperature, Extraction Pressure and Seed Form

“…Notably the effect of particle sizes [8], chemical (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and lipids) composition [9], heating temperature and heating time [10] are the mains factors affecting biochar yields. Studies have analysed the pyrolysis of Jatropha cake under different particle size, heating temperature and residence time [11][12][13]. In fact, [14] found a charcoal yield from jatropha cake of 81,5% during hydro pyrolysis at 40 bar hydrogen pressure.…”