Pyrimidine acyclic nucleosides. 1-[(2-Hydroxyethoxy)methyl]pyrimidines as candidate antivirals

Kelley, James L.; Kelsey, John E.; Hall, William R.; Krochmal, Mark P.; Schaeffer, Howard J.

doi:10.1021/jm00138a022

Cited by 55 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Moreover, 1-(2'-hydroxyethoxymethyl)-5-aza-cytosine showed some antiviral activity in herpes virus infected KB cells. This compound appears to be more active than acyclic py rimidines previously evaluated [2,9,10,18]. Recently the corresponding cyclic cyt idine analogue, 5-aza-cytidine, has been reported to decrease the methylcytosine content of newly synthesized DNA [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Two new acyclic guanine derivatives have been de veloped which show marked antiherpesvi rus activity [1,12,21,22], As mentioned previously, no acyclic pyrimidines have shown great promise in this regard [2,9,10,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, both acyclic pyrimidine nucleoside analogues are appreciably less active than acyclic guanine derivatives [2,9,10,17,18], f£>5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine [5] or the 2'-fluoroarabinosyl uracils or cytosines [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acyclic pyrimidine nucleosides have al so been synthesized and evaluated for an tiviral activity [2,3,9,10,18]. Little or no antiherpesvirus activity has been found for several l-(2'-hydroxyethoxymethyl) derivatives of cytosine, or uracil [2,8,9,18] or for l-(2'-aminoethoxymethyl)-uracils [10], We have explored the activity of a number of uracil and cytosine derivatives with one of the following acyclic side chains: 2-hydroxyethoxymethyl, 2-aminoethoxymethyl, or 1,3-dihydroxypropoxymethyl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Little or no antiherpesvirus activity has been found for several l-(2'-hydroxyethoxymethyl) derivatives of cytosine, or uracil [2,8,9,18] or for l-(2'-aminoethoxymethyl)-uracils [10], We have explored the activity of a number of uracil and cytosine derivatives with one of the following acyclic side chains: 2-hydroxyethoxymethyl, 2-aminoethoxymethyl, or 1,3-dihydroxypropoxymethyl. We primarily concentrated on 5-substitutions as have other investigators [2,9,24], Therefore, a number of ana logues of pyrimidine acyclic nucleosides have been synthesized and analyzed for cell growth inhibitor potency and for anti herpes activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acyclic Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogues: Influence on Growth of L5178y Mouse Lymphoma Cells and Antiherpes Activity in KB Cells

et al. 1985

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Several uracil and cytosine nucleoside analogues with 2-hydroxyethoxy-methyl, 2-aminoethoxymethyl or 1,3-dihydroxypropoxymethyl side chains were synthesized and evaluated for cytostatic (L5178y mouse lymphoma cells) and antiviral (herpes simplex virus type 1 infected KB cells) activity. Two compounds exhibited anti-herpesvirus activity. These were 1-(2’-hydroxyethoxymethyl)-5-aza-cytosine and 1-(1’,3’-dihydroxypropoxymethyl)-5-iodouracil. The MIC values were 25.8 and 325.7 μg/ml, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acyclic Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogues: Influence on Growth of L5178y Mouse Lymphoma Cells and Antiherpes Activity in KB Cells

et al. 1985

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Synthesis Of Nucleosides

Vorbrüggen¹,

1999

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This chapter deals with the synthesis of nucleosides (e.g., the formation of N ‐glycosides of sugars such as D ‐ribose or 2‐deoxy‐D‐ribose with heterocyclic nitrogen bases). The methods of nucleoside synthesis have been treated in a number of reviews and monographs. It is now generally accepted that nucleosides were among the first organic compounds formed at the start of evolution in the early history of our planet earth. To support this point, guanine and adenine were heated with D ‐ribose in seawater, which contains the Lewis acid magnesium chloride as catalyst. One thus obtained the nucleosides guanosine and adenosine together with comparable yields of unnatural α‐nucleosides. The latter were gradually photoanomerized to the thermodynamically more stable compounds in overall yields of 5–6%. The furanose form of ribose reacts faster than the pyranose form. Corresponding syntheses of the pyrimidine nucleosides uridine and cytidine from uracil , cytosine and ribose are more problematic and remain an enigma. The recent conversion of glycolaldehyde‐ O ‐phosphate and formaldehyde to ribose‐2,4‐di‐ O ‐phosphate might give new insights into the prebiotic syntheses of uridine and cytidine. The evidence and hypotheses for these prebiotic conversions and the evolution of RNA, as well as the implications of an “RNA World,” have been reviewed. These RNA nucleosides are reduced in vivo as 5′‐ O ‐diphosphates by ribonucleotide reductases to the corresponding 2′‐deoxynucleosides—the building blocks of DNA such as 2′‐deoxyguanosine. The thermodynamically controlled synthesis of these four building blocks of RNA has implications for the design of efficient, high yielding, new methods for the synthesis of the naturally occurring nucleosides, nucleoside antibiotics, and modified nucleosides that may serve as antimetabolites to fight viral and parasitic diseases and cancer. The nucleoside rings in this chapter are depicted arbitrarily in the anti conformation, as occurs predominantly in the crystal and solution (based primarily on NOE‐ 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR measurements) forms of pyrimidine nucleosides. Only a few nucleosides, such as 6‐methyluridine, occur with the heterocyclic ring predominantly in the syn conformation. The synthesis of C ‐nucleosides has been reviewed previously and is not covered in this review.

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