Pyridines as retarding agents in photoinduced thermal frontal cationic polymerization of epoxydes

Abstract

Photoinduced thermal frontal polymerization of epoxide in the presence of pyridines as retarding agents.

Review of quantitative and qualitative methods for monitoring photopolymerization reactions

“…RT-FTIR spectroscopy, according to numerous literature sources, has been and remains a useful technique for studying the kinetics of photopolymerization reactions according to radical, cationic, and hybrid mechanisms, in addition to various exposure conditions, types of light source used, coating thickness, monomer and oligomer reactivity or efficiency of newly developed photoinitiating systems. 79–85…”

“…[71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78] RT-FTIR spectroscopy, according to numerous literature sources, has been and remains a useful technique for studying the kinetics of photopolymerization reactions according to radical, cationic, and hybrid mechanisms, in addition to various exposure conditions, types of light source used, coating thickness, monomer and oligomer reactivity or efficiency of newly developed photoinitiating systems. [79][80][81][82][83][84][85] For free-radical photopolymerization, RT-FTIR measurement consists of repeated scanning of the sample at short intervals and observing in real-time changes in the IR absorption spectrum, for example, changes in both the intensity and position characteristic of (meta)acrylic groups, i.e. : [86][87][88][89] • a band at 810-816 cm −1 characteristic of a twisting vibration of the -CHvCH 2 group,…”

Kinetic and Chemical Effects of Clays and Other Fillers in the Preparation of Epoxy–Vinyl Ether Composites Using Radical-Induced Cationic Frontal Polymerization

“…It was first discovered in Russia in the 1970s and studied before the FP of methacrylic acid was independently rediscovered by Pojman in 1991 in the US . FP has since also been used in ring-opening metathesis polymerization − and cationic polymerization − and developed for different applications, such as composites, ,− additive manufacturing, − and adhesives. , …”

Thermally initiated cationic frontal polymerization of epoxies and vinyl ethers through a lone onium salt

“…They saw small additions of vinyl ether have a “kick‐starting effect” raising the reaction rate of the less reactive cycloaliphatic epoxy monomer. In addition, the group studied the effects of pyridine delaying premature reactions in solutions containing only pyrylium salts and epoxides 37 . In studies by Crivello, 38–40 thermally‐initiated FP of oxetanes and alkyl glycidyl ethers was possible with iodonium antimonate salts, but the FP would only propagate in areas that were previously irradiated by UV, and the front would stop at the boundary of these areas.…”