Pyogenic granuloma arising in port-wine stain during pregnancy

Pyogenic granuloma over the venous component of a mixed vascular malformation

“…13 In a similar way, after trauma, different angiogenic factors could stimulate endothelial proliferation leading to the development of a pyogenic granuloma. It is also known that pyogenic granulomas are a complication of certain vascular malformations, mainly capillary 14 and arteriovenous ones, 8,9 where they can develop spontaneously, during pregnancy, 14,15 or after a local injury including treatment with pulsed dye laser. 16 To our knowledge, pyogenic granulomas emerging over venous malformations has not been previously described.…”

Pyogenic granuloma, port-wine stain and pregnancy

“…Some authors consider pyogenic granulomas to be hormonally driven, as this lesion occurs frequently in pregnancy and there is partial or complete regression post partum. 9,11 Immunohistochemistry tests performed on these tumours have revealed conflicting results. Oestrogen receptor expression has been documented, which may indicate these tumours are more sensitive to the hyperoestrogen state of pregnancy.…”

“…One case described a solitary pyogenic granuloma occurring within a port-wine stain during pregnancy without a precipitating event and without recurrence. 9 The other case described four simultaneous pyogenic granulomas arising within a port-wine stain during pregnancy, tenuously attributed to laser therapy 6 years earlier. No recurrences were present at 2 years follow up.…”

“…While pyogenic granulomas commonly arise from oral mucosa in pregnancy, only rarely have pyogenic granulomas been documented to occur within port-wine stains in pregnancy. 8,9 The presence of arteriovenous anastamoses within port-wine stains has also been postulated to be associated with the pathogenesis of pyogenic granuloma. 10 In our case, the clinical, histological and ultrasound characteristics did not support the presence of an associated arteriovenous malformation.…”

Port‐wine stain, laser therapy and pregnancy: risk factors for multiple pyogenic granulomas?

“…PGs are frequent vascular tumours in pregnancy. Reported PG cases were mostly in the second or third trimester 1–3 . One may speculate that the gradual increase in both oestrogen and progesterone, reaching eventually to a cumulative level, may induce PG formation.…”