Pyloric electrical stimulation reduces food intake by inhibiting gastric motility in dogs

Xu, Xiaohong; Zhu, Hongbing; Chen, Jiande D.Z.

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.09.079

Cited by 66 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It could therefore be argued that discrepant effects on pyloric motility may account for the observed differences in the effects of CCK-8 and GLP-1 on energy intake. Although our data do not suggest that there is a close relationship between changes in APD pressures and appetite perceptions, the relationship between pyloric motility and appetite and energy intake clearly warrants evaluation, particularly as a recent study has reported that electrical stimulation of the pylorus decreases energy intake in dogs (45). Certainly, our data indicate that there are different thresholds for effects of GLP-1 on gastrointestinal motility and energy intake.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Evaluation of interactions between CCK and GLP-1 in their effects on appetite, energy intake, and antropyloroduodenal motility in healthy men

Brennan¹,

Feltrin²,

Horowitz³

et al. 2005

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-There is evidence that CCK and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mediate the effects of nutrients on appetite and gastrointestinal function and that their interaction may be synergistic. We hypothesized that intravenous CCK-8 and GLP-1 would have synergistic effects on appetite, energy intake, and antropyloroduodenal (APD) motility. Nine healthy males (age 22 Ϯ 1 yr) were studied on four separate days in a double-blind, randomized fashion. Appetite and APD pressures were measured during 150-min intravenous infusions of 1) isotonic saline (control), 2) CCK-8 (1.8) and GLP-1 (0.9 pmol ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ min Ϫ1 ). At 120 min, energy intake at a buffet meal was quantified. CCK-8, but not GLP-1, increased fullness, decreased desire to eat and subsequent energy intake, and increased the number and amplitude of isolated pyloric pressure waves and basal pyloric pressure (P Ͻ 0.05). Both CCK-8 and GLP-1 decreased the number of antral and duodenal pressure waves (PWs) (P Ͻ 0.05), and CCK-8ϩGLP-1 decreased the number of duodenal PWs more than either CCK-8 or GLP-1 alone (P Ͻ 0.02). This was not the case for appetite or isolated pyloric PWs.In conclusion, at the doses evaluated, exogenously administered CCK-8 and GLP-1 had discrepant effects on appetite, energy intake, and APD pressures, and the effects of CCK-8ϩGLP-1, in combination, did not exceed the sum of the effects of CCK-8 and GLP-1, providing no evidence of synergism.cholecystokinin; glucagon-like peptide-1 FOOD INGESTION TRIGGERS a number of stimuli within the gastrointestinal tract that modulate motility, secretion, and appetite, including gastric distension (21), the presence of nutrients in the small intestine (4,6,8), and the release of gastrointestinal hormones, including CCK and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (20,23). Although some inconsistencies exist in regard to the roles of CCK and GLP-1 in appetite regulation, there is persuasive evidence that they both modulate the effects of nutrients on gastrointestinal function and appetite (9,10,26,38,42). Both CCK and GLP-1, when administered intravenously to healthy subjects, appear to have comparable effects on appetite and energy intake, increasing the perception of fullness and decreasing hunger and energy intake (9,22,42). CCK and GLP-1 also modulate gastroduodenal contractile activity and slow gastric emptying (1, 10, 38); the latter may contribute to the suppression of energy intake (19,42). Studies using the CCK-A antagonist loxiglumide have established that the effects of CCK on gastric emptying and appetite are mediated through the CCK-A receptor in humans (2, 11); the effects of GLP-1 antagonists on gastric emptying and appetite have not been evaluated in humans.Although ingestion of a meal is known to trigger a rise in blood concentrations of CCK and GLP-1 within ϳ15 min (20, 23), there is little information relating to any possible interaction in the effects of these two hormones (14). This knowledge is potentially important for an understanding of the mechanisms underlying food intake regulation, with eviden...

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Evaluation of interactions between CCK and GLP-1 in their effects on appetite, energy intake, and antropyloroduodenal motility in healthy men

Brennan¹,

Feltrin²,

Horowitz³

et al. 2005

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although it has been suggested that the suppressive effects of nutrients on subsequent energy intake are mediated by changes in gastrointestinal motility and gastrointestinal hormone release (19,37), the current study suggests that the stimulation of IPPWs and secretion of CCK and GLP-1 have to reach a "threshold" to result in suppression of energy intake. The motor patterns associated with infusion of C12 at 0.2 and 0.4 kcal/min are known to be associated with the slowing of gastric emptying (14), which is thought to play a role in suppressing energy intake (34).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

“…The motor patterns associated with infusion of C12 at 0.2 and 0.4 kcal/min are known to be associated with the slowing of gastric emptying (14), which is thought to play a role in suppressing energy intake (34). Recent evidence suggests that electrical stimulation of the pylorus suppresses food intake in dogs (37), thus implying an important role for the pylorus in the regulation of energy intake. It is, however, interesting to note that despite C12 at 0.2 kcal/min having a more prolonged stimulatory effect on IPPWs than C12 at 0.4 kcal/min, there was no effect on energy intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of fatty acids also appear to involve the activation of vagal afferents, either directly or via CCK (8,18). The effects of C12 on energy intake may also be mediated through the actions of GLP-1 (12), and possibly other peptides, and by the changes in gastrointestinal motility, perhaps particularly the stimulation of pyloric motility (37). In animals, the effects of small intestinal C12 on gastric emptying and energy intake may be influenced by both the concentration and/or energy load (20,25), although the energy load may be relatively more important (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dose-related effects of lauric acid on antropyloroduodenal motility, gastrointestinal hormone release, appetite, and energy intake in healthy men

Little

Feltrin²,

Horowitz³

et al. 2005

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. Doserelated effects of lauric acid on antropyloroduodenal motility, gastrointestinal hormone release, appetite, and energy intake in healthy men. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 289: R1090 -R1098, 2005. First published June 16, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00290.2005.-We recently reported that intraduodenal infusion of lauric acid (C12) (0.375 kcal/min, 106 mM) stimulates isolated pyloric pressure waves (IPPWs), inhibits antral and duodenal pressure waves (PWs), stimulates release of cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and suppresses energy intake and that these effects are much greater than those seen in response to isocaloric decanoic acid (C10) infusion. Administration of C12 was, however, associated with nausea, confounding interpretation of the results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different intraduodenal doses of C12 on antropyloroduodenal (APD) motility, plasma CCK and GLP-1 concentrations, appetite, and energy intake. Thirteen healthy males were studied on 4 days in double-blind, randomized fashion. APD pressures, plasma CCK and GLP-1 concentrations, and appetite perceptions were measured during 90-min ID infusion of C12 at 0.1 (14 mM), 0.2 (28 mM), or 0.4 (56 mM) kcal/min or saline (control; rate 4 ml/min). Energy intake was determined at a buffet meal immediately following infusion. C12 dose-dependently stimulated IPPWs, decreased antral and duodenal motility, and stimulated secretion of CCK and GLP-1 (r Ͼ 0.4, P Ͻ 0.05 for all). C12 (0.4 kcal/min) suppressed energy intake compared with control, C12 (0.1 kcal/min), and C12 (0.2 kcal/min) (P Ͻ 0.05). These effects were observed in the absence of nausea. In conclusion, intraduodenal C12 dose-dependently modulated APD motility and gastrointestinal hormone release in healthy male subjects, whereas effects on energy intake were only apparent with the highest dose infused (0.4 kcal/min), possibly because only at this dose was modulation of APD motility and gastrointestinal hormone secretion sufficient for a suppressant effect on energy intake. free fatty acid; cholecystokinin; glucagon-like peptide-1; pyloric motility STUDIES UTILIZING PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS, such as tetrahydrolipstatin, to inhibit fat digestion have provided evidence that the effects of fat on gastric emptying, gastrointestinal motility, gastrointestinal hormone secretion, and appetite are dependent on the presence of free fatty acids in the small intestine (4,10,11,22,27,29,33). The effects of free fatty acids on gastrointestinal function, including motility, hormone release, and energy intake (12,16,22,23), also are dependent on their acyl chain length. Hunt and Knox (16) were the first to demonstrate that fatty acids with a chain length of 12 and more carbon atoms empty from the stomach much more slowly than fatty acids containing 10 or fewer carbon atoms.In a recent study from our laboratory (12), intraduodenal administration of lauric acid, a fatty acid with 12 carbon atoms (C12), at a rate of 0.375 kcal/min and a concentration of 1...

show abstract

“…It does not require physical restraints and may also be adapted to large animals (28,41). In our laboratory, we have established a validated method for the assessment of liquid gastric emptying without the use of any expensive facilities or isotopes (34,50). However, gastric emptying of solids is clinically more relevant, and we were, therefore, motivated to establish a similar inexpensive and straightforward method for the assessment of solid gastric emptying in large animals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroacupuncture improves rectal distension-induced delay in solid gastric emptying in dogs

Yin

Chen

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Yin J, Chen JD. Electroacupuncture improves rectal distensioninduced delay in solid gastric emptying in dogs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301: R465-R472, 2011. First published May 18, 2011 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00271.2010.-The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) on rectal distension (RD)-induced delay in solid gastric emptying in dogs. Gastric emptying of solids was assessed in 12 dogs chronically implanted with a duodenal cannula by collecting samples at different time points from the cannula and measuring the dried weights of the samples. Bethanechol and atropine were used to qualitatively validate the method. In separate experiments, gastric emptying of solids was measured in a number of sessions: control, RD, RD ϩ sham-EA, RD ϩ EA of 6 mA, RD ϩ EA of 3 mA, and RD ϩ EA ϩ naloxone. The method of gastric emptying by collecting and drying gastric chyme from the duodenal cannula was found to be accurate and reliable. Using the method, we found gastric emptying to be accelerated with bethanechol (70.01 Ϯ 8.10% vs. 82.61 Ϯ 4.15%, P ϭ 0.04, vs. control) and delayed with atropine (4.31 Ϯ 1.57%, P Ͻ 0.001, vs. control). RD substantially and significantly delayed gastric emptying. EA, but not sham-EA, attenuated delayed gastric emptying induced by RD (sham-EA: 48.79 Ϯ 9.47% vs. EA: 74.28 Ϯ 5.96%, P Ͻ 0.01). The effect was more potent with EA of 6 mA than EA of 3 mA and blocked by naloxone. EA is able to attenuate RD-induced delay in gastric emptying of solids, and this ameliorating effect may be mediated via the opioid pathway. EA may have a therapeutic potential for treating delayed gastric emptying attributed to lower gut distension. gastrointestinal motility; acupuncture; gastroparesis; constipation PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC, IDIOPATHIC, slow-transit constipation and constipation-dominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) frequently complain of upper abdominal symptoms, such as bloating, upper abdominal discomfort or pain, and vomiting. These symptoms are related to the presence of reduced motor activities attributed to impaired gastric antral contractions and myoelectrical activity, and delayed gastric emptying, as well as slow small bowel transit (1,3,14,38). The abnormality of upper gastrointestinal motility may be related to fecal stasis in the rectum or colon, causing reflexive inhibition (5,11,20,54). Rectal (balloon) distension (RD) mimicking fecal or gas stasis in the colorectal region is one of constipation models commonly used in the study of upper gastrointestinal motor activity. A number of studies have reported that RD impairs gastric myoelectrical activities, gastric tone, and gastric accommodation; reduces antral contractions; delays gastric emptying, and inhibits small-intestine motility in dogs and humans (1,2,7,11,21,39,54).Clinically, there are overlapping symptoms between functional dyspepsia and IBS-C (12, 44). Currently, there is a lack of effective medications for treating both upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms. Acupuncture i...

show abstract

Pyloric electrical stimulation reduces food intake by inhibiting gastric motility in dogs

Cited by 66 publications

References 22 publications

Evaluation of interactions between CCK and GLP-1 in their effects on appetite, energy intake, and antropyloroduodenal motility in healthy men

Evaluation of interactions between CCK and GLP-1 in their effects on appetite, energy intake, and antropyloroduodenal motility in healthy men

Dose-related effects of lauric acid on antropyloroduodenal motility, gastrointestinal hormone release, appetite, and energy intake in healthy men

Electroacupuncture improves rectal distension-induced delay in solid gastric emptying in dogs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About