PVDF Ultrasonic Sensors for In-Air Applications: A Review

Pullano, Salvatore A.; Critello, Costantino Davide; Bianco, Maria Giovanna; Menniti, Michele; Fiorillo, Antonino S.

doi:10.1109/tuffc.2021.3078069

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The detection sensitivity and SNR of the MC-PAD system can be greatly improved by the backward coaxial confocal mode (22,23). The artefacts that are induced by limited detection coverage can be avoided by using a broadband polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) transducer (38,39). The PVDF transducer has an overall diameter of 4 mm with a 1 mm center hole that allows the laser beam to exit.…”

Section: Bench-to-bedside Translation Of Mc-padmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale confocal photoacoustic dermoscopy to evaluate skin health

Ma¹,

Wang²,

Cheng³

et al. 2022

Quant Imaging Med Surg

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Background: Photoacoustic dermoscopy (PAD) is a promising branch of photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) that can provide a range of functional and morphologic information for clinical assessment and diagnosis of dermatological conditions. However, most PAM setups are unsuitable for clinical dermatology because their single-scale mode and narrow frequency band result in insufficient imaging depth or poor spatiotemporal resolution when visualizing the internal texture of the skin. Methods:We developed a multiscale confocal photoacoustic dermoscopy (MC-PAD) with a multifunction opto-sono objective that could achieve high quality dermatological imaging. Using the objective to coordinate the spatial resolution and penetration depth, the MC-PAD was used to visualize pathophysiological biomarkers and vascular morphology from the epidermis (EP) to the dermis, which enabled us to quantify skin abnormalities without using exogenous contrast agents for human skin. Results:The MC-PAD was shown to have the ability to differentiate between different types of cells (such as red blood cells and melanoma cells), image and quantify pigment of the skin, and visualize skin morphology and blood capillary landmarks. The MC-PAD detected a significant difference in the structures of some pigmented and vascular lesions of skin diseases compared with that of healthy skin (P<0.01). The café au lait macule (CALM) skin type was found to have a relatively higher melanin concentration and thicker stratum basale (SB) in the EP than healthy skin. The dermal vascular network of skin that had a port wine stain (PWS) had greater diameters and a denser distribution than healthy skin, as reported in clinical trials. Conclusions:The MC-PAD has a broad range of applications for the diagnosis of human skin diseases and evaluation of the curative effect of treatments, and it can offer new perspectives in biomedical sciences.

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Section: Bench-to-bedside Translation Of Mc-padmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale confocal photoacoustic dermoscopy to evaluate skin health

Ma¹,

Wang²,

Cheng³

et al. 2022

Quant Imaging Med Surg

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“…In that field, non-contact solutions are practically compulsory in order to carry out any metrology measurements, as heavy metallic pieces are rotating at high speed significantly close to each other [6]. To that end, the most popular alternatives are capacitive [7], inductive [8], ultrasonic [9], drawwire, and optical sensors [10]. Among them, optical fiber displacement sensors (OFDS) offer many advantages such as electromagnetic immunity, high response, speed, small size, great versatility, and easy installation, for example, [11], [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method to Design Trifurcated Optical Fiber Displacement Sensors

Zubia,

Amorebieta

et al. 2024

IEEE Sensors J.

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Trifurcated optical fiber displacement sensors (OFDS) are increasingly used in industrial and aerospace applications. The critical element of the sensor is the fiber bundle. However, there is no straightforward method to calculate it from the working specifications of the sensor, the number of fibers needed, their size, and arrangement. This work presents a simple yet accurate method to design trifurcated OFDSs. The proposed method allows to derive the geometrical arrangement and size of the fibers from three simple equations, thus reducing significantly the difficulty and complexity of the OFDS design. Those three equations depend on the working point, working range, required sensitivity, and maximum size of the bundle. In this way, the proposed method will save valuable time for researchers and engineers who wish to design, fabricate, and use this type of OFDSs. The procedure is explained in detail with two examples. The results predicted by the model are compared with the experimental results of a bundle with identical fiber arrangement and dimensions. The results show good agreement with a deviation of less than 1% in the working range of the sensor.

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“…Drawing inspiration from the report of PTFE− polystyrene core−shell nanospheres and nanocomposites, 18,19 we have fabricated the composite poly(vinylidene fluoride)/ polystyrene (PVDF/PS) latex particles by employing the emulsifier-free seeded emulsion polymerization technique, serving as a platform for the confined crystallization of PVDF nanospheres. 20 As a representative crystalline functional polymer, PVDF has attracted substantial research interest because of its piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties, as well as its wide range of applications in transducers, 21 sensors, 22 cells, 23 and coatings. 24,25 The PVDF homopolymer usually exhibits at least four polymorphic phases, namely the nonpolar α phase and polar ferroelectric phases (β, γ, and δ phases).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a representative crystalline functional polymer, PVDF has attracted substantial research interest because of its piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties, as well as its wide range of applications in transducers, sensors, cells, and coatings. , The PVDF homopolymer usually exhibits at least four polymorphic phases, namely the nonpolar α phase and polar ferroelectric phases (β, γ, and δ phases) . Among these phases, the α phase is kinetically favored, resulting in its predominance when crystallized from the melts or solution-casting from nonpolar solvents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Nucleation-Induced Raspberry-like PVDF@P(St-co-MPS-co-AA) Core–Shell Latex Particles via Seeded Emulsion Polymerization and Their High Efficiency for Confined Crystallization of PVDF in Nanospheres

Pan,

Song,

Guo

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A novel complex structure of raspberry-like PVDF@P(St-co-MPS-co-AA) (poly(vinylidene fluoride)@poly(styrene-co-trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate-co-acrylic acid)) core–shell particles combined with a popcorn-like shape has been successfully fabricated in substantial quantities via emulsifier-free seeded emulsion polymerization based on commercially available PVDF nanospheres. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy investigations suggest that polymerization temperature and addition of AA-catalyzed MPS hydrolysate dominate the formation of popcorn- or raspberry-like core–shell morphology. By tuning the polymerization temperature, it is possible to precisely control the hierarchical surface morphology of the composite particles, including the size and number of P(St-co-MPS-co-AA) protrusions nucleated onto the PVDF seed surface. Furthermore, the cross-linking reaction induced by the MPS hydrolysate constrains the merging of P(St-co-MPS-co-AA) bulges, effectively preventing the formation of exclusively eccentric core–shell particles. The complete wrapping of the PVDF seeds by the P(St-co-MPS-co-AA) copolymer ensures three-dimensionally confined crystallization of PVDF in 180 nm nanospheres, exhibiting a higher encapsulation efficiency in comparison to the PVDF/PS system in the absence of the MPS hydrolysate. The confined crystallization in the complex latex nanospheres has significant implications for the production of polar crystalline phases in PVDF, leading to the coexistence of polar β/γ phases, with the β phase being predominantly dominant, instead of the typical α phase. The enhanced polar phases exhibited by the PVDF@P(St-co-MPS-co-AA) core–shell particles imbue them with considerable potential for application as piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials, making them promising candidates for advanced technological utilization in various fields.

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PVDF Ultrasonic Sensors for In-Air Applications: A Review

Cited by 17 publications

References 81 publications

Multiscale confocal photoacoustic dermoscopy to evaluate skin health

Multiscale confocal photoacoustic dermoscopy to evaluate skin health

A New Method to Design Trifurcated Optical Fiber Displacement Sensors

Surface Nucleation-Induced Raspberry-like PVDF@P(St-co-MPS-co-AA) Core–Shell Latex Particles via Seeded Emulsion Polymerization and Their High Efficiency for Confined Crystallization of PVDF in Nanospheres

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