Putting a Price Tag on Personal Information - A Literature Review

Wagner, Amina; Wessels, Nora; Buxmann, Peter; Krasnova, Hanna

doi:10.24251/hicss.2018.474

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In line with some previous research (Wagner et al 2018) and in contrast to other studies (Grossklags and Acquisti 2007), our findings show that individuals state positive willingness to pay to ensure their personal data remains private, at least for some types of data. We observed a surprising degree of consistency in participants' rankings of different data types elicited through different techniques, which indicates that stated preference evaluation techniques may be appropriate tools to reveal individuals' underlying preferences for privacy.…”

Section: Privacy Preferencessupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Since these early investigations, there has been ongoing interest in attempting to value the protection of privacy online. A systematic review of the literature regarding "putting a price tag on personal information" was conducted by Wagner et al (2018). They found that the type of information being disclosed (or protected) was an important feature in determining the amount that individuals were willing to pay (or accept).…”

Section: Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Unpacking Privacy: Willingness to pay to protect personal data

Skatova¹,

McDonald

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Data is key for the digital economy, underpinning business models and service provision, and a lot of these valuable datasets are personal in nature. Information about individual behaviour is collected regularly by organisations. This information has value to businesses, the government and third parties. It is not clear what value this personal data has to consumers themselves. Much of the digital economy is predicated on people sharing personal data, however if individuals value their privacy, they may choose to withhold this data unless the perceived benefits of sharing outweigh the perceived value of keeping the data private. Further, they might be willing to pay for an otherwise free service if paying allowed them to avoid sharing personal data. We used five evaluation techniques to study preferences for protecting personal data online and found that consumers assign a positive value to keeping a variety of types of personal data private. We show that participants are prepared to pay different amounts to protect different types of data, suggesting there is no simple function to assign monetary value that can be identified for individual privacy in the digital economy. The majority of participants displayed remarkable consistency in their rankings of the importance of different types of data, a finding that indicates the existence of stable individual privacy preferences in protecting personal data. We discuss our findings in the context of research on the value of privacy and privacy preferences, and in terms of implications for future business models and consumer protection.

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Section: Privacy Preferencessupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Unpacking Privacy: Willingness to pay to protect personal data

Skatova¹,

McDonald

et al. 2019

Preprint

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show abstract

“…They responded using another open-ended text field. Following this question, we asked participants to answer several Likert-scale questions using the following 5-point scale:"Definitely A (1)," "Likely A (2)," "Equally A and B (3)," "Likely B (4)," and "Definitely B (5)." with respect to specific privacy and securityrelated practices.…”

Section: Consumer Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potentially misleading representations may run afoul of the FTC's prohibitions against deceptive practices and state laws prohibiting unfair business practices, as well as general privacy regulations, such as the GDPR and CCPA. Finally, such inquiry can also inform economic models exploring the viability of "pay for privacy" consumer protection models [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Price is (Not) Right: Comparing Privacy in Free and Paid Apps

Han

Reyes

Feal

et al. 2020

Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies

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It is commonly assumed that “free” mobile apps come at the cost of consumer privacy and that paying for apps could offer consumers protection from behavioral advertising and long-term tracking. This work empirically evaluates the validity of this assumption by comparing the privacy practices of free apps and their paid premium versions, while also gauging consumer expectations surrounding free and paid apps. We use both static and dynamic analysis to examine 5,877 pairs of free Android apps and their paid counterparts for differences in data collection practices and privacy policies between pairs. To understand user expectations for paid apps, we conducted a 998-participant online survey and found that consumers expect paid apps to have better security and privacy behaviors. However, there is no clear evidence that paying for an app will actually guarantee protection from extensive data collection in practice. Given that the free version had at least one thirdparty library or dangerous permission, respectively, we discovered that 45% of the paid versions reused all of the same third-party libraries as their free versions, and 74% of the paid versions had all of the dangerous permissions held by the free app. Likewise, our dynamic analysis revealed that 32% of the paid apps exhibit all of the same data collection and transmission behaviors as their free counterparts. Finally, we found that 40% of apps did not have a privacy policy link in the Google Play Store and that only 3.7% of the pairs that did reflected differences between the free and paid versions.

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“…• In Putting a Price Tag on Personal Information -A Literature Review, Amina Wagner et al [13] provide an overview of the literature on the value people assign to their personal information and how to deal with possible direct compensation or protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to the Minitrack on Privacy, 5G and Economics

Skouby

Sørensen

Khajuria

2018

Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

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The mini-track on Privacy, 5G and Economics focus on discussion of different aspects of security and privacy in the data rich environment including user right to privacy with regards to collection, retention, analysis and transfer of personal data. Differences between the regulation in the EU and the USA are debated in different examples. The mini-track also insists on the economic value of end users' data to innovatively redefine the relationships between end users' concerns on their personal data handling and the legal businesses on data analytics, in order to make that relationship ethically correct, compliant with regulation and also profitable for all.

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Putting a Price Tag on Personal Information - A Literature Review

Cited by 29 publications

References 32 publications

Unpacking Privacy: Willingness to pay to protect personal data

Unpacking Privacy: Willingness to pay to protect personal data

The Price is (Not) Right: Comparing Privacy in Free and Paid Apps

Introduction to the Minitrack on Privacy, 5G and Economics

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