Putrescine Influences Growth and Production of Coumarins in Hairy Root Cultures of Witloof Chicory (Cichorium intybus L. cv. Lucknow Local)

Abstract

The effect of putrescine (Put) on the growth and production of two coumarins, esculin and esculetin, in hairy roots of chicory (Cichorium intybus L. cv. Lucknow local) was examined. To study the role of Put on growth and production of coumarins, polyamine inhibitors, namely alpha-dl-difluromethylornithine and alpha-dl-difluromethylarginine were used at 1 mM concentration. Put treatment at 1.5 mM produced a 1.9-fold increase in the growth of hairy roots, as well as the production of esculin and esculetin. The treatments with polyamine (PA) inhibitors resulted in much lower growth and production of coumarins compared with both 1.5-mM Put treatment and the control. Both free and conjugated PAs were studied over the whole culture period, and conjugates of all three PAs, namely Put, spermidine, and spermine, were higher than free PAs throughout the culture period. The treatments with PA inhibitors showed lower levels of endogenous PAs compared with Put-treated samples. The treatment with 1.5 mM Put showed maximum accumulation of endogenous conjugated Put (2,098 +/- 157 nmoles gm(-1) fresh weight). The production of esculin and esculetin was strictly correlated with growth in all treatments. Put at 1.5 mM resulted in greater length of primary root (18.3 +/- 1.4 cm) as compared with the control (11 +/- 0.9 cm) and larger numbers of secondary and tertiary roots.

Enhancement of growth and polysaccharide production in suspension cultures of protocorm-like bodies from Dendrobium huoshanense by the addition of putrescine

“…Putrescine, as a polyamine, enhanced growth and coumarin production in hairy root cultures of Cichorium intybus (Bais et al 1999) and the enhancement of betalaine production in hairy root cultures of Beta vulgaris by putrescine has also been reported (Suresh et al 2004). Increase in biomass and polysaccharide production in this study could be due to an increase in intracellular polyamine contents.…”

Plant growth regulators and amino acids released by Azospirillum sp. in chemically defined media

“…1) suggests that an active release of those substances is otherwise avoided, considering the Spm toxicity to bacteria (Tabor and Tabor 1985). The release of Put in both media may be seen as an interesting fact, once Bais et al (1999) showed that the addition of Put to the culture medium affected plant growth and production of metabolites in hairy root cultures.…”

Mushroom Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Esculetin Isolated from Seeds ofEuphorbia lathyrisL.

“…1) by a comparison of its spectral data with those of an authentic sample. Esculetin has already been reported to be contained in Euphorbia lathyris L., [14][15][16] Fraxinus japonica Blume and Cichorium intybus L. [17][18][19][20] Many scientiˆc papers have also reported the pharmacological properties of esculetin such as anti-in‰ammatory eŠects, 17,21) antioxidative, 22) antiviral, 23) antimutagenic 24) and antiproliferative activities, 25) ultraviolet absorption eŠect, 26) and inhibition of lipoxygenase activity. [27][28][29] However, there is no report on the eŠect of esculetin against tyrosinase activity.…”