Pushing Up Lithium Storage through Nanostructured Polyazaacene Analogues as Anode

Abstract

According to the evidence from both theoretical calculations and experimental findings, conjugated ladder polymers containing large π-conjugated structure, a high number of nitrogen heteroatoms, and a multiring aromatic system, could be an ideal organic anode candidate for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this report, we demonstrated that the nanostructured polyazaacene analogue poly(1,6-dihydropyrazino[2,3g]quinoxaline-2,3,8-triyl-7-(2H)-ylidene-7,8-dimethylidene) (PQL) shows high performance as anode materials in LIBs: high capacity (1750 mAh g(-1), 0.05C), good rate performance (303 mAh g(-1), 5C), and excellent cycle life (1000 cycles), especially at high temperature of 50 °C. Our results suggest nanostructured conjugated ladder polymers could be alternative electrode materials for the practical application of LIBs.

Conjugated Microporous Polytetra(2‐Thienyl)ethylene as High Performance Anode Material for Lithium‐ and Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…In the first cycle, the initial discharge and charge capacitances of 2029 and 934 mA h g −1 were respectively obtained, leading to the low initial Coulombic efficiency of 46%. The low initial Coulombic efficiency can be attributed to irreversible reaction, which is a common phenomenon of anode materials for LIBs and could be mitigated by some prelithiation processes . Figure c shows the rate performance of PTTE‐based LIBs, PTTE can deliver specific capacitance of 973 mA h g −1 at a current density of 100 mA g −1 , which is much higher than that of most reported organic anode materials, such as Li 4 C 8 H 4 O 4 nanosheets (232 mA h g −1 at 24.1 mA g −1 ), CMP from porphyrin with 4‐thiophenephenyl groups (TThPP) (666 mA h g −1 at 200 mA g −1 ), poly(bithiophene)/carbon (PBT/C) composite (650 mA h g −1 at 320 mA g −1 ), PDCzBT (404 mA h g −1 at 100 mA g −1 ) and the ordered polypyrrole film (285 mA h g −1 at 300 mA g −1 ) .…”

Polymer Electrode Materials for High‐Performance Lithium/Sodium‐Ion Batteries: A Review

“…Wu et al demonstrated that the nanostructured polyazaacene analogue, poly(1,6‐dihydropyrazino[2,3 g ] quinoxaline‐2,3,8‐triyl‐7‐(2 H )‐ylidene‐7,8‐dimethylidene), showed high performance as anode materials in LIBs: high capacity (1750 mAh g −1 , 0.05 C), good rate performance (303 mAh g −1 , 5 C), and excellent cycle life (1000 cycles) . The excellent electrochemical performances are attributed to large p‐conjugated structure and a high number of nitrogen heteroatoms.…”

Redox-active triazatruxene-based conjugated microporous polymers for high-performance supercapacitors

“…This potential, however, has not been fully exploited yet, due to some shortcomings of CPs, most importantly related to their relatively low specific capacitance and cycling stability, as well as their limited redox reversibility. 17–20 …”