Pushing and Pulling on Ropes: Hierarchical Woven Materials

Abstract

Hierarchy in natural and synthetic materials has been shown to grant these architected materials properties unattainable independently by their constituent materials. While exceptional mechanical properties such as extreme resilience and high deformability have been realized in many human-made three-dimensional (3D) architected materials using beam-and-junction-based architectures, stress concentrations and constraints induced by the junctions limit their mechanical performance. A new hierarchical architecture in which fibers are interwoven to construct effective beams is presented. In situ tension and compression experiments of additively manufactured woven and monolithic lattices with 30 µm unit cells demonstrate the superior ability of woven architectures to achieve high tensile and compressive strains (>50%)-without failure events-via smooth reconfiguration of woven microfibers in the effective beams and junctions. Cyclic compression experiments reveal that woven lattices accrue less damage compared to lattices with monolithic beams. Numerical studies of woven beams with varying geometric parameters present new design spaces to develop architected materials with tailored compliance that is unachievable by similarly configured monolithic-beam architectures. Woven hierarchical design offers a pathway to make traditionally stiff and brittle materials more deformable and introduces a new building block for 3D architected materials with complex nonlinear mechanics.

Design and Characterization of Microscale Auxetic and Anisotropic Structures Fabricated by Multiphoton Lithography

“…More specifically, the implementation of architected materials in ceramic nanolattices elucidated how such topologies can supress brittle behavior and emulate ductility under cyclic loading. This remarkable result has been demonstrated for both conventional hollow lattices [13] and the substantially more elusive woven-spiral lattices [14]. Furthermore, an emerging class of metamaterials, scilicet spinodoid metamaterials, has been investigated at the microscale due to their tailored anisotropy, rendering them a potential candidate for controlled wave propagation [15].…”

Recent Progress in Active Mechanical Metamaterials and Construction Principles

“…In recent decades, braided metamaterials with lightweight features, high out-of-plane stiffness, impact protection function, and damage tolerance are popular for aerospace and transportation. Moestopo et al [216] fabricated braided metamaterials with the capability for multiple tension and compression cycles. Utilizing finite element simulation, some researchers demonstrated the mechanical behavior of 3D braided composites under tensile load [217] and the conditions with defects.…”

“…Moestopo et al. [ 216 ] fabricated braided metamaterials with the capability for multiple tension and compression cycles. Utilizing finite element simulation, some researchers demonstrated the mechanical behavior of 3D braided composites under tensile load [ 217 ] and the conditions with defects.…”

Harnessing Friction in Intertwined Structures for High‐Capacity Reusable Energy‐Absorbing Architected Materials

“…[ 19 ] However, they are usually for one‐time usage, after which the constituents are permanently damaged. This shortcoming can be partially overcome by incorporating damage‐tolerant micro‐lattices [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ] or phase‐transforming constituents [ 26 , 27 , 28 ] that allow the materials to undergo cyclic loadings, although the performance decreases along cycles.…”