Push and pull motivations of Brazilian travel lovers

Abstract

Although tourism has significantly grown around the world, this trend is not a global phenomenon. For example, Brazil's numbers cannot be compared with the tourism profiles of the leading countries or other emerging economies like China and South Korea (UNWTO, 2013). According to the World Economic Forum (2017, p.15): Brazil is blessed with the largest and most diverse natural resources on the planet (1st). It also has very strong cultural resources (8th), from sports and entertainment to several heritage cultural sites and significant business travel. Despite its great potential, Brazilian tourism is still sluggish, representing 3.7% of the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Moreover, Brazil holds the 27 th position in the travel and tourism competitive index (World Economic Forum, 2017), and doesn't rank among the top-20 countries that expend money on international tourism (UNWTO, 2016).

Curiosity as Brazilian tourist motivation in visiting Europe

“…It consists of needs, feelings, and desires driving people to a certain behavior. Motivation is the starting point for consumers' decision process and an important construct for understanding tourist behavior (Pereira & Gosling, 2019).…”

Examining the Influence of Push and Pull Travel Motivation Factors on Domestic Tourism Performance. A Case of Mombasa County, Kenya

“…While the focus of the above studies were on different target groups, the findings above concurred with those of Wong, Musa & Taha, (2017) who found out that push factors influenced majority of tourists satisfaction, however. Other findings have indicated that both push and pull factors are significant and have a positive image on either choice of destination, perception of a destination and tourists intention to visit (Antara & Prameswari, 2018;Bayih & Singh, 2020;Ezeuduji & Dlomo, 2020;Luvsandavaajav & Narantuya, 2021;Pereira & Gosling, 2019;Salimon et al, 2019;Siregar et al, 2020).…”

The effect of income on the relationship between travel motives and destination choices

“…This essentially concretised the link between push and pull factors and triggered a voluminous number of publications attempting to not only understand reasons and motives why people travel, but also why people travel to certain destinations (Pearce 2021;Pestana et al 2020). As literature developed, push factors became known as personal intrinsic motivation factors, while pull factors were considered as extrinsic or external, linked to a destination or activity (Pereira & Gosling 2019). While the theory has been applied widely, it has been critiqued for limited measurement of the motivation dimensions and not clearly distinguishing between what constitutes 'push' and 'pull'; where push factors are based on psychographic measures and pull factors are the 'hardware' (attractions, infrastructure, facilities) at the destination (Crompton & Petrick 2024).…”