Purity Analysis of Gases Used in the Preparation of Reference Gas Standards Using a Versatile OPO-Based CRDS Spectrometer

Persijn, Stefan

doi:10.1155/2018/9845608

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Methanol has a distinctive infrared absorption spectrum with 12 fundamental bands with the strongest absorption features located around 10 µm. For the analysis of methanol a cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) spectrometer based on a continuous wave mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator (wavelength range 2.5-5 µm) as light source is used [25]. To find the most suitable lines for the analysis by CRDS, one normally would refer to line strength data from HITRAN (Highresolution Transmission molecular absorption) database [10].…”

Section: Spectroscopic Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new look at the sorption kinetics in reference gas standards

Persijn¹,

Baldan²

2023

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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The preparation of calibration gas mixtures in high pressure cylinders using the gravimetric method (ISO6142-1) has enabled the production of a wide range of mixtures down to the pmol/mol level with low uncertainties reaching 0.01% relative and beyond. This static method has limited use however for reactive components that adsorb on the cylinder wall or valve. For such components the adage ‘what comes in = what comes out’ no longer holds. To quantify gas losses in cylinders due to adsorption on the inner surfaces, two methods are typically used: by comparison against other gas mixture continuous preparation methods (e.g. dynamic methods) or by decanting part of a mixture in an identical cylinder followed by cross-comparison. Here we present a new method to elucidate the sorption dynamics based on the use of isotopes (here 12C-methanol and 13C-methanol isotopes). The amount fraction evolution of both isotopes in gas phase is followed in time using laser spectroscopic methods. This way, the kinetics of desorption (mainly 13C-methanol) and adsorption (12C-methanol ) can be followed in time. In this paper we will present the results from a pilot study on methanol mixtures at trace amount fractions prepared in different cylinder materials and treatments.

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Section: Spectroscopic Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new look at the sorption kinetics in reference gas standards

Persijn¹,

Baldan²

2023

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…At VSL an analytical method based on cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) has been developed for the measurement of reactive impurities including ammonia, hydrogen cyanide (section 8.7) and hydrogen chloride (section 8.8) in biogas or biomethane. Spectra are collected by measuring the ring-down time as function of wavelength using a versatile Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO)-based CRDS spectrometer described in detail elsewhere [114,115]. For the analysis of ammonia in biogas or biomethane a wavelength of 2 928.6 nm (3 414.6 cm −1 ) was selected based on several criteria including the NH 3 line strength and the level of interference level by CO 2 and CH 4 .…”

Section: Ammoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in metrology for energy-containing gases and emerging demands

Veen¹,

Nieuwenkamp²,

Zalewska³

et al. 2020

Metrologia

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Metrological services from National Metrology Institutes related to energy gases have been supported by the programme of key comparisons of the Gas Analysis Working Group of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance: Metrology in Chemistry and Biology since its conception in 1993. Most of the key comparisons have been performed on natural gas composition measurement, which is key to the calculation of natural gas properties, thereby facilitating fiscal metering and the trade in natural gas. In the recent years, non-conventional energy gases and natural gas substitutes, such as refinery gas and biogas have been addressed. The paper gives an overview over the achievements in this area from the first key comparison (CCQM-K1) onward and outlines the current challenges to the metrological community. The ongoing energy transition towards renewable energy gases is at the centre of these challenges. The associated emerging challenges primarily concern the measurement of the concentrations of impurities, such as silicon in biomethane and upgraded biogas, carbon monoxide in hydrogen, and many others. The paper presents the first results of the development of measurement standards and methods for impurities in biogas, biomethane and hydrogen and the implications for the programme of key comparisons.

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“…Fiber lasers and amplifiers have become increasingly important as robust single-frequency sources with high beam quality at W-level powers and beyond. Applications for single-frequency fiber laser (SFFL) systems include coherent lidar [1,2], frequency comb stabilization [3][4][5], atom interferometry [6][7][8], gravitational wave detection [9][10][11], molecular spectroscopy [12][13][14], and cooling and trapping of ions and atoms for optical atomic clocks, quantum computing and studies of quantum physics [15][16][17][18][19]. In several of these applications, frequency tunability of the laser over multiple MHz is required for frequency-locking to an atomic transition or a high-finesse cavity, and GHz tuning is used in some molecular spectroscopy applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory and experiment of two-wave mixing instability in single-frequency fiber amplifiers induced by frequency modulation

Hauge,

Pedersen,

Bondu

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This paper presents a theoretical and experimental characterization of an instability phenomenon observed in single-frequency fiber amplifiers when the frequency of the seed laser is modulated. The instability manifests itself as fluctuating elastic back-reflections that occur only when the frequency is decreasing with time. The theory is a generalization of a coupled-mode model developed for a single-frequency fiber amplifier back-seeded with a constant frequency shift relative to the main signal. It can explain most observed features of the experiments in a qualitative and semi-quantitative way. Open questions and directions for further developments are discussed.

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Purity Analysis of Gases Used in the Preparation of Reference Gas Standards Using a Versatile OPO-Based CRDS Spectrometer

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

A new look at the sorption kinetics in reference gas standards

A new look at the sorption kinetics in reference gas standards

Advances in metrology for energy-containing gases and emerging demands

Theory and experiment of two-wave mixing instability in single-frequency fiber amplifiers induced by frequency modulation

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