Purine metabolism in sprint- vs endurance-trained athletes aged 20‒90 years

Abstract

Purine metabolism is crucial for efficient ATP resynthesis during exercise. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of lifelong exercise training on blood purine metabolites in ageing humans at rest and after exhausting exercise. Plasma concentrations of hypoxanthine (Hx), xanthine (X), uric acid (UA) and the activity of erythrocyte hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) were measured in 55 sprinters (SP, 20‒90 years), 91 endurance runners (ER, 20‒81 years) and 61 untrained participants (UT, 21‒69 years). SP had significantly lower levels of plasma purine metabolites and higher erythrocyte HGPRT activity than ER and UT. In all three groups, plasma purine levels (except UA in UT) significantly increased with age (1.8‒44.0% per decade). HGPRT activity increased in SP and ER (0.5‒1.0%), while it remained unchanged in UT. Hx and X concentrations increased faster with age than UA and HGPRT levels. In summary, plasma purine concentration increases with age, representing the depletion of skeletal muscle adenine nucleotide (AdN) pool. In highly-trained athletes, this disadvantageous effect is compensated by an increase in HGPRT activity, supporting the salvage pathway of the AdN pool restoration. Such a mechanism is absent in untrained individuals. Lifelong exercise, especially speed-power training, limits the age-related purine metabolism deterioration.

The Effect of Training on Erythrocyte Energy Status and Plasma Purine Metabolites in Athletes

“…All subsequent measurements in RBC and plasma were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-VIS detection (Merck-Hitachi/Agilent, Tokio, Japan/Santa Clara, CA, USA) according to the method developed by our group, as described in detail by Smolenski [32] and used by us [3,33]. The system contained high-pressure gradient pump L-6200, 1050 diode array detector, and autosampler AS 2000A with a thermostatic cooler set at 4 • C. An analytical column BDS Hypersil C18, 150 mm × 4.6 mm × 3 µm (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) protected with guard column 20 mm × 4 mm (Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) was used to carry out the separations.…”

Plasma Concentration of Irisin and Brain-Derived-Neurotrophic Factor and Their Association With the Level of Erythrocyte Adenine Nucleotides in Response to Long-Term Endurance Training at Rest and After a Single Bout of Exercise

“…This suggests that chronic training causes a reduction in muscle adenine nucleotide pool loss and hence, improves muscle adaptation. Such an affect was also observed after a single acute bout of exercise (Zielinski et al, 2019).…”

“…The concentration of purine metabolites was assessed by highperformance liquid chromatography method in neutralized plasma using UV-VIS detection (Merck-Hitachi/Agilent, Japan/United States) according to the method previously described in details by Smolenski et al (1990) and used by our team (Zielinski et al, 2019). The system contains high-pressure gradient pump L-6200, 1050 diode array detector and autosampler AS 2000A with a thermostatic cooler set at 4 • C. Separations were achieved by the analytical column BDS Hypersil C18, 150 mm × 4.6 mm × 3 µm (Thermo Finnigan, United States) protected with guard column 20 mm × 4 mm (Phenomenex, United States).…”

“…The erythrocyte ATP levels together with purine metabolites-hypoxanthine (Hx) and uric acid (UA)-are also considered as potential indicators of a training status and physical capacity ( O’Brien et al, 2015 ; Dudzinska et al, 2018 ). Previous studies indicated that athletes undergoing lifelong sprint training have lower resting and post-exercise plasma Hx and UA concentrations ( Zielinski et al, 2019 ). There is no available data regarding the relationship between exerkines, ATP status and purine metabolites.…”

Onde está a abordagem farmacológica no tratamento da obesidade infantil: uma breve revisão

“…Nowadays, the obesity is significantly increasing among subjects at different ages (Anatoliotakis et al, 2013;Loeffler & Wolf, 2014;Nakayama, Nishida, & Otsu, 2016;Ogden, Flegal, Carroll, & Johnson, 2002;Raj, Pecoits-Filho, & Kimmel, 2020;Romano, Serviddio, De Matthaeis, Bellanti, & Vendemiale, 2010;Zhao et al, 2011;Zieliński, Slominska, Król-Zielińska, Krasiński, & Kusy, 2019). However, childhood and adolescence are critical periods for prevention and intervention efforts (McManus & Mellecker, 2012).…”