Purification of Synthesis Gas Produced from Pulverized Coal

Sands, Anne; Wainwright, H.W.; Schmidt, L.D.

doi:10.1021/ie50460a009

“…As the most active catalysts employed in this process are sulfur-sensitive, the purified synthesis gas must have an extremely low sulfur content. A concentration of 0.1 grain of total sulfur per 100 standard cubic feet of purified synthesis gas has been established as the maximum economical limit (13).…”

Section: Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Absorption of Hydrogen Sulfide From Synthesis Gas

Wainwright¹,

Egleson²,

Brock³

et al. 1953

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“…for the low cost production of synthesis-gas from various types and grades of powdered coals by entrainment in oxygen and superheated steam are being developed in small and large pilot plants at the Morgantown, W. Va., Station of the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of the Interior, under a cooperative agreement with West Virginia University. The initial work of development and operating results obtained as progressive improvements advanced the project toward the solution of many hitherto unknown problems have been described from time to time in the literature {1,3, [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

P ment in oxygen and superheated steam are being developed in small and large pilot plants a t the Morgantown, W. Va., Station of the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of the Interior, under a cooperative agreement with West Virginia University.The initial work of development and operating results obtained as progressive improvements advanced the project toward the solution of many hitherto unknown problems have been d e scribed from time to time in the literature (1,3,(8)(9)(10)(11).From the start it was realized that, since there are enormous differences in chemical and petrographic composition as well as chemical and physical properties of the many varieties, ranks, and grades of coals in the United States, there would be strong necessity for a practical laboratory scale method to test various fuels for their utility in synthesis-gas production. Accordingly, a laboratory scale method was developed for the continuous production of synthesis-gas (essentially CO + Hz) by entrainment of powdered coals in oxygen and superheated steam.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial work of development and operating results obtained as progressive improvements advanced the project toward the solution of many hitherto unknown problems have been d e scribed from time to time in the literature (1,3,(8)(9)(10)(11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial work of development and operating results obtained as progressive improvements advanced the project toward the solution of many hitherto unknown problems have been d e scribed from time to time in the literature (1,3,(8)(9)(10)(11). The initial work of development and operating results obtained as progressive improvements advanced the project toward the solution of many hitherto unknown problems have been d e scribed from time to time in the literature (1,3,(8)(9)(10)(11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pilot Plants-POWDERED-COAL GASIFICATION. Effect of Variables

Sebastian¹

1952

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P ment in oxygen and superheated steam are being developed in small and large pilot plants a t the Morgantown, W. Va., Station of the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of the Interior, under a cooperative agreement with West Virginia University.The initial work of development and operating results obtained as progressive improvements advanced the project toward the solution of many hitherto unknown problems have been d e scribed from time to time in the literature (1,3,(8)(9)(10)(11).From the start it was realized that, since there are enormous differences in chemical and petrographic composition as well as chemical and physical properties of the many varieties, ranks, and grades of coals in the United States, there would be strong necessity for a practical laboratory scale method to test various fuels for their utility in synthesis-gas production. Accordingly, a laboratory scale method was developed for the continuous production of synthesis-gas (essentially CO + Hz) by entrainment of powdered coals in oxygen and superheated steam. The laboratory scale pilot plant, which gasifies various types of fuels a t rates up to 55 pounds per hour, has been in operation for about 4 years (IO) and has furnished design data for building considerably larger pilot plants. Principally, however, the information obtained in testing various types and grades of coals served as a guide to operating conditions for other, larger scale gasifiers at the Morgantown Station. The suitability of the coal for synthesisgas production on commercial basis was thus determined.It soon became evident that all coals do not gasify alike in a generator of given design but differ vastly in their behavior, and coals that appear to give the worst results are frequently available in given localities at the lowest price. It was desirable, therefore, that an investigation of the effects of process variables should determine under what conditions a given coal can be gasified with maximum efficiency, lowest oxygen and steam requirement, and, hence, lowest cost. In the work described, an attempt was made to approach this objective by analyzing the independent and dependent process variables and to determine the effects of the former on the latter. The respective significance of each is discussed.EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURE Figure 1 shows that the apparatus consists of ( a ) pneumatic feeding system, ( b ) gasifier, ( c ) residual dust-removal system, and ( d ) auxiliaries (condensers, exhauster meter, storage tank, vent pipe, and instrument-control system). Pictures of the labore tory scale pilot plant are shown in Figures 2 and 3, representing the upper and lower floors, with the gasifier, next to the control board on the upper floor, extending to the floor below. Details ~ of construction of various parts of the unit, including the gasifier, have been given in two Bureau of Mines' reports, one of which has already been ublished (IO).Pulverized coa]Pis fed continuously, at rates up to 55 pounds per hour, int.0 the top of the gasifier from the continuous feeder c...

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Fuels, Synthetic, Liquid Fuels

Han

¹

,

Chang

²

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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The creation of liquids to be used as fuels from sources other than natural crude petroleum broadly defines synthetic liquid fuels. Synthetic liquid fuels have characteristics approaching those of the liquid fuels in commerce, specifically gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, and fuel oil. For much of the twentieth century, the synthetic fuels emphasis was on liquid products derived from coal upgrading or by extraction or hydrogenation of organic matter in coke liquids, coal tars, tar sands, or bitumen deposits. However, much of the direction involving synthetic fuels technology has changed. The potential of natural gas, which typically has 85–95% methane, has been recognized as a plentiful and clean alternative feedstock to crude oil. The proven technology to upgrade methane is via steam reforming to produce synthesis gas, CO + H 2 . Such a gas mixture is clean and when converted to liquids produces fuels substantially free of heteroatoms such as sulfur and nitrogen. Two commercial units utilizing the synthesis gas from natural gas technology in combination with novel downstream conversion processes have been commercialized. The direct methane conversion technology has received the most research attention and involves the oxidative coupling of methane to produce higher hydrocarbons such as ethylene. A second trend in synthetic fuels is increased attention to oxygenates as alternative fuels as a result of the growing environmental concern about burning fossil‐based fuels. The environmental impact of the oxygenates is still under debate, but these alternative liquid fuels are gaining new prominence. Despite reduced prominence, coal technology is well positioned to provide synthetic fuels for the future. World petroleum and natural gas production are expected ultimately to level off and then decline. Coal gasification to synthesis gas is utilized to synthesize liquid fuels in much the same manner as natural gas steam reforming technology. Although world activity in coal liquefaction technology is minimal, the extensive development and detailed demonstration of processes for converting coal to liquid fuels should serve as solid foundation for the synthetic fuel needs of the future. Coal, tar, and heavy oil fuel reserves are widely distributed. The importance of coal gasification as a means of producing fuel gas(es) for industrial use cannot be underplayed. But coal gasification systems also have undesirable features. A range of undesirable products are also produced which must be removed before the products are used to provide fuel and/or to generate electric power. Natural gas is a plentiful resource, and there has been a marked tendency not to use other fossil fuels as SNG sources. However, petroleum oil shale, and biomass have been the subject of extensive research efforts.

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Purification of Synthesis Gas Produced from Pulverized Coal

Abstract: THE production of synthesis gas directly from coal, instead of the usual practice of using coke as generator fuel, presents new and greater difficulties in connection with purification of the gas to render it suitable for synthesis purposes.

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Selective Absorption of Hydrogen Sulfide From Synthesis Gas

Selective Absorption of Hydrogen Sulfide From Synthesis Gas

Pilot Plants-POWDERED-COAL GASIFICATION. Effect of Variables

Fuels, Synthetic, Liquid Fuels

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