Purification and Properties of the Prothoracicotropic Hormone of the Silkworm, Bombyx Mori

Nagasawa, Hiromichi; Isogai, Akira; Suzuki, Akira; Tamura, Saburo; Ishizaki, Hironori

doi:10.1111/j.1440-169x.1979.00029.x

Cited by 34 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The prothoracic glands increase greatly in size and secretory capacity during the fifth larval stage, and it is likely that PTTH has some influence over these changes (Smith and Pasquarello, 1989;Smith et al, 1993;Hanton et al, 1993;Lee et al, 1995). PTTH may also influence tissues in addition to the prothoracic glands, as suggested by the presence of PTTH in adult brains, long past the time when the pupal prothoracic glands have apoptosed (Nagasawa et al, 1980). The present study indicates that tyrosine kinase activation is a very early event in the action of PTTH, and may provide of means of identifying alternate PTTH target sites without having to rely upon ecdysone secretion as an end response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

PTTH-stimulated ecdysone secretion is dependent upon tyrosine phosphorylation in the prothoracic glands of Manduca sexta

Smith

Priester

Morais

2003

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

PTTH-stimulated ecdysone secretion is dependent upon tyrosine phosphorylation in the prothoracic glands of Manduca sexta

Smith

Priester

Morais

2003

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…Since in Lepidoptera the prothoracic gland undergoes apoptosis during pupal stages (Dai and Gilbert, 1997), we were curious whether Drosophila PTTH is expressed in the adult, particularly since Bombyx PTTH was originally extracted from adult heads (Nagasawa et al, 1980). We found no expression in any tissue other than the brain, where we see several neurons per hemisphere that continue to express PTTH (Supplement Fig.…”

Section: Drosophila Ptth Is Produced In the Pg Neurons That Innervatementioning

confidence: 89%

Prothoracicotropic Hormone Regulates Developmental Timing and Body Size in Drosophila

McBrayer

Ono²,

Shimell³

et al. 2007

Developmental Cell

398

524

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In insects, control of body size is intimately linked to nutritional quality as well as environmental and genetic cues that regulate the timing of developmental transitions. Prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) has been proposed to play an essential role in regulating the production and/or release of ecdysone, a steroid hormone that stimulates molting and metamorphosis. In this report, we examine the consequences on Drosophila development of ablating the PTTH-producing neurons. Surprisingly, PTTH production is not essential for molting or metamorphosis. Instead, loss of PTTH results in delayed larval development and eclosion of larger flies with more cells. Prolonged feeding, without changing the rate of growth, causes the overgrowth and is a consequence of low ecdysteroid titers. These results indicate that final body size in insects is determined by a balance between growth-rate regulators such as insulin and developmental timing cues such as PTTH that set the duration of the feeding interval.

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“…However, a strict conservation of the cysteine motif CCxxxC (also typical for vertebrate insulins) was found in the A chain. The ILP-B group includes the multiple copies of bombyxin-like peptides, which have originally been isolated from the silkworm brain (Nagasawa et al 1986) based on their stimulating activity of adult development of debrained pupae (Nagasawa et al 1980). Two closely related Tribolium ILP genes, TcILP1 and TcILP2, were identified and classified within this group.…”

Section: Insulin-like Peptides and Neuroparsinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics, transcriptomics, and peptidomics of neuropeptides and protein hormones in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum

Bin¹,

Predel²,

Neupert³

et al. 2007

Genome Res.

341

320

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Neuropeptides and protein hormones are ancient molecules that mediate cell-to-cell communication. The whole genome sequence from the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, along with those from other insect species, provides an opportunity to study the evolution of the genes encoding neuropeptide and protein hormones. We identified 41 of these genes in the Tribolium genome by using a combination of bioinformatic and peptidomic approaches. These genes encode >80 mature neuropeptides and protein hormones, 49 peptides of which were experimentally identified by peptidomics of the central nervous system and other neuroendocrine organs. Twenty-three genes have orthologs in Drosophila melanogaster: Sixteen genes in five different groups are likely the result of recent gene expansions during beetle evolution. These five groups contain peptides related to antidiuretic factor-b (ADF-b), CRF-like diuretic hormone (DH37 and DH47 of Tribolium), adipokinetic hormone (AKH), eclosion hormone, and insulin-like peptide. In addition, we found a gene encoding an arginine-vasopressin-like (AVPL) peptide and one for its receptor. Both genes occur only in Tribolium and not in other holometabolous insects with a sequenced genome. The presence of many additional osmoregulatory peptides in Tribolium agrees well with its ability to live in very dry surroundings. In contrast to these extra genes, there are at least nine neuropeptide genes missing in Tribolium, including the genes encoding the prepropeptides for corazonin, kinin, and allatostatin-A. The cognate receptor genes for these three peptides also appear to be absent in the Tribolium genome. Our analysis of Tribolium indicates that, during insect evolution, genes for neuropeptides and protein hormones are often duplicated or lost.[Supplemental material is available online at www.genome.org.] Multicellular organisms use signaling molecules for cell-to-cell communication. Important among these signaling molecules are peptides and protein hormones which are produced in endocrine cells or neurons as larger precursors. These precursors (prepropeptides) are cleaved and further modified to yield mature peptides that are secreted into the extracellular environment. Peptides exert their action by binding to membrane receptors, mostly being G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), although some of them are receptor tyrosine kinases.Studies of a number of insect species have provided invaluable information for understanding the function and the evolution of neuropeptides. Earlier studies on insect neuropeptides have used large physiological model species (i.e., locust, cockroach, and moth), and these have provided the groundwork for identifying the active signaling molecules. Further characterization of the functions of neuropeptides has been provided by recent genetic studies in Drosophila melanogaster, examining the genetic null mutants and cell ablations of specific peptidergic cells (McNabb et al. 1997;Park et al. 2002aPark et al. , 2003Kim and Rulifson 2004;Isabel et al. 2005;Kim et al. 2006)....

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Purification and Properties of the Prothoracicotropic Hormone of the Silkworm, Bombyx Mori

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

PTTH-stimulated ecdysone secretion is dependent upon tyrosine phosphorylation in the prothoracic glands of Manduca sexta

PTTH-stimulated ecdysone secretion is dependent upon tyrosine phosphorylation in the prothoracic glands of Manduca sexta

Prothoracicotropic Hormone Regulates Developmental Timing and Body Size in Drosophila

Genomics, transcriptomics, and peptidomics of neuropeptides and protein hormones in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum

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