Purification and Properties of an Aryl Acylamidase of Bacillus sphaericus, Catalyzing the Hydrolysis of Various Phenylamide Herbicides and Fungicides

Engelhardt, G.; Wallnöfer, P. R.; Plapp, R.

doi:10.1128/aem.26.5.709-718.1973

Cited by 67 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Similar observations have been reported by Dejonghe et al (2003). 3,4-DCA has been shown to inhibit the aryl acylamidase enzyme that is responsible for linuron hydrolysis in B. sphaericus ATCC12123 (Engelhardt et al, 1973). Moreover, it was observed that a high concentration of 3,4-DCA retards the growth of Variovorax spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Characterization of novel linuron-mineralizing bacterial consortia enriched from long-term linuron-treated agricultural soils

Breugelmans

D'Huys

Mot

et al. 2007

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

121

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Linuron-mineralizing cultures were enriched from two linuron-treated agricultural soils in the presence and absence of a solid support. The cultures contained linuron-degrading bacteria, which coexisted with bacteria degrading either 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) or N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine (N,O-DMHA), two common metabolites in the linuron degradation pathway. For one soil, the presence of a solid support enriched for linuron-degrading strains phylogenetically related to but different from those enriched without support. Most linuron-degrading consortium members were identified as Variovorax, but a Hydrogenophaga and an Achromobacter strain capable of linuron degradation were also obtained. Several of the linuron-degrading isolates also degraded 3,4-DCA. Isolates that degraded 3,4-DCA but not linuron belonged to the genera Variovorax, Cupriavidus and Afipia. Hyphomicrobium spp. were involved in the metabolism of N,O-DMHA. Whereas several isolates degraded linuron independently, more efficient degradation was achieved by combining linuron and 3,4-DCA-degraders or by adding casamino acids. These data suggest that (1) linuron degradation is performed by a group of metabolically interacting bacteria rather than by individual strains, (2) there are other genera in addition to Variovorax that degrade linuron beyond 3,4-DCA, (3) linuron-degrading consortia of different origins have a similar composition, and (4) interactions between consortium members can be complex and can involve exchange of both metabolites and other nutrients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Characterization of novel linuron-mineralizing bacterial consortia enriched from long-term linuron-treated agricultural soils

Breugelmans

D'Huys

Mot

et al. 2007

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

121

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“…An aryl acylamidase hydrolysing certain phenylurea compounds to their aniline derivatives (Fig. 1, step 4) puri¢ed from B. sphaericus strain ATCC 12123 had speci¢city related to N-methoxy-N-methyl-substituted phenylurea herbicides, but no activity towards N,N-dimethyl-substituted phenylurea herbicides such as diuron, monuron and £uometuron [45,58]. El-Fantroussi [26] found a similar speci-¢city for degradation of N-methoxy-N-methyl-substituted herbicides in a recent study of a bacterial consortium enriched from agricultural soil.…”

Section: Genes and Enzymes Involved In Bacterial Phenylurea Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial degradation of isoproturon and related phenylurea herbicides in and below agricultural fields

Sørensen

Bending²,

Jacobsen

et al. 2003

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

204

155

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The phenylurea herbicides are an important group of pesticides used extensively for pre- or post-emergence weed control in cotton, fruit and cereal crops worldwide. The detection of phenylurea herbicides and their metabolites in surface and ground waters has raised the awareness of the important role played by agricultural soils in determining water quality. The degradation of phenylurea herbicides following application to agricultural fields is predominantly microbial. However, evidence suggests a slow degradation of the phenyl ring, and substantial spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of active degradative populations, which is a key factor determining patterns of leaching losses from agricultural fields. This review summarises current knowledge on the microbial metabolism of isoproturon and related phenylurea herbicides in and below agricultural soils. It addresses topics such as microbial degradation of phenylurea herbicides in soil and subsurface environments, characteristics of known phenylurea-degrading soil micro-organisms, and similarities between metabolic pathways for different phenylurea herbicides. Finally, recent studies in which molecular and microbiological techniques have been used to provide insight into the in situ microbial metabolism of isoproturon within an agricultural field will be discussed.

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“…Solan (N-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-2-methylpentanamide) was converted by a Fusarium oxysporum to 3chloro-p-toluidine, which was further degraded with liberation of chloride [297]. The acylanilidehydrolysing enzymes have been isolated and further characterized from strains of Penicillium, Fusarium and Bacillus [299,[301][302][303].…”

Section: Hydrolysis Of Phenylamidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Bacillus sphaericus strain was shown to decompose 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l-methoxy-l-methylurea (linuron) and several other halogenated phenylurea herbicides to halogenated anilines [311][312][313]. The acylamidase also catalysed the hydrolysis of acylanilides and phenylcarbamates [302,312]. Formation of chloroanilines has also been observed in soil [179].…”

Section: Hydrolysis Of Phenylamidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial breakdown of halogenated aromatic pesticides and related compounds

Häggblom

1992

FEMS Microbiology Letters

363

132

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Considerable progress has been made in the last few years in understanding the mechanisms of microbial degradation of halogenated aromatic compounds. Much is already known about the degradation mechanisms under aerobic conditions, and metabolism under anaerobiosis has lately received increasing attention. The removal of the halogen substituent is a key step in degradation of halogenated aromatics. This may occur as an initial step via reductive, hydrolytic or oxygenolytic mechanisms, or after cleavage of the aromatic ring at a later stage of metabolism. In addition to degradation, several biotransformation reactions, such as methylation and polymerization, may take place and produce more toxic or recalcitrant metabolites. Studies with pure bacterial and fungal cultures have given detailed information on the biodegradation pathways of several halogenated aromatic compounds. Several of the key enzymes have been purified or studied in cell extracts, and there is an increasing understanding of the organization and regulation of the genes involved in haloaromatic degradation. This review will focus on the biodegradation and biotransformation pathways that have been established for halogenated phenols, phenoxyalkanoic acids, benzoic acids, benzenes, anilines and structurally related halogenated aromatic pesticides. There is a growing interest in developing microbiological methods for clean‐up of soil and water contaminated with halogenated aromatic compounds.

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Purification and Properties of an Aryl Acylamidase of Bacillus sphaericus, Catalyzing the Hydrolysis of Various Phenylamide Herbicides and Fungicides

Cited by 67 publications

References 19 publications

Characterization of novel linuron-mineralizing bacterial consortia enriched from long-term linuron-treated agricultural soils

Characterization of novel linuron-mineralizing bacterial consortia enriched from long-term linuron-treated agricultural soils

Microbial degradation of isoproturon and related phenylurea herbicides in and below agricultural fields

Microbial breakdown of halogenated aromatic pesticides and related compounds

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