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The Fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA), added at a level of 2 micrograms/ml, was reduced stereoselectively by cultures of Candida tropicalis, Torulaspora delbrückii, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, and 7 Saccharomyces strains to both alpha- and beta-zearalenol. In contrast, only alpha-zearalenol was produced from ZEA by Pichia fermentans and several yeast strains of the genera Candida, Hansenula, Brettanomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, and Saccharomycopsis. No glucose conjugates of ZEA (zearalenone-4-beta-D-glucopyranoside) were detected. The trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) was not metabolized by any of the yeast strains that were used for analysis.

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Summary. The decomposition of seven urea herbicides by Bacillus sphaericus was studied. Experiments with 14C‐labelled monolinuron demonstrated that monolinuron was degraded by removal of CO2 from the ureido portion of the molecule and leaving the /Kchloroaniline moiety. Tests with monuron, diuron, monolinuron, linuron, metobromuron, fluometuron and methabenzthiazuron indicated that B. sphaericus was only able to decompose the methoxy compounds monolinuron, linuron and metobromuron in this way. All compounds were identified by infrared spectroscopy. A pathway for degradation of the herbicides by B. sphaericus is proposed.

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