Purification and Characterization of Reclaimed Electrolytes from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Liu, Yuanlong; Mu, Deying; Li, Ruhong; Ma, Quanxin; Zheng, Rujuan; Dai, Changsong

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b12970

Cited by 82 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Currently, the main electrolyte recycling methods are classified as vacuum pyrolysis, organic solvent extraction, and supercritical CO 2 extraction 23 . Referring to a previous work by Liu et al, high-efficiency recycling of the electrolyte has been demonstrated, and the recycled electrolyte can be reused in new batteries 16,24 . Second, the recycling of metallic anodes is also highly feasible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Sustainability-inspired cell design for a fully recyclable sodium ion battery

et al. 2019

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Large-scale applications of rechargeable batteries consume nonrenewable resources and produce massive amounts of end-of-life wastes, which raise sustainability concerns in terms of manufacturing, environmental, and ecological costs. Therefore, the recyclability and sustainability of a battery should be considered at the design stage by using naturally abundant resources and recyclable battery technology. Herein, we design a fully recyclable rechargeable sodium ion battery with bipolar electrode structure using Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 as an electrode material and aluminum foil as the shared current collector. Such a design allows exceptional sodium ion battery performance in terms of high-power correspondence and long-term stability and enables the recycling of ∼100% Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and ∼99.1% elemental aluminum without the release of toxic wastes, resulting in a solid-component recycling efficiency of >98.0%. The successful incorporation of sustainability into battery design suggests that closed-loop recycling and the reutilization of battery materials can be achieved in next-generation energy storage technologies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Sustainability-inspired cell design for a fully recyclable sodium ion battery

et al. 2019

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“…Recycling the electrolyte of LIBs is a critical concern. Liu et al [273] reported a method based in a supercritical CO2 extraction, resin, and molecular sieve purification, can contribute to producing a regenerated high ionic conductivity electrolyte, almost close to the commercial ones. Figure 20 represents the steps involved in this proposed method, which are supercritical CO2 extraction to separate the electrolyte, followed by its collection and purification in a glovebox under argon atmosphere.…”

Section: Separator/electrolytementioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling and environmental issues of lithium-ion batteries: Advances, challenges and opportunities

Costa

Barbosa

Gonçalves

et al. 2021

Energy Storage Materials

289

114

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“…Given the enormous amounts of CO 2 generated in industry and progress in carbon capture strategies, the application of supercritical CO 2 for electrolyte recovery may thus be combined toward an integrative sustainable system. Liu et al [184] studied the purification and subsequent characterization of recycled electrolytes, which were extracted using supercritical CO 2 . Followed by purification with resins and molecular sieves, the reclaimed electrolyte achieved a high ionic conductivity of 0.19 mS cm −1 ; a value close to commercially available electrolytes for LIBs.…”

Section: Electrolytementioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Li‐Ion Batteries: Chemistry and Recycling

Piątek

Afyon

Budnyak

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

204

153

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The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202003456.footprint of LIBs by designing their components that are less toxic and more abundant, the inevitable recycling is still largely in disagreement with circular principles. [1,2] This review summarizes and critically assesses current LIB recycling technologies from a sustainable perspective in order to derive whether current solutions can be referred as green technologies. The structure of the present review contains an introduction to the historical evolution of Li-based storage devices and recent issues in the supply chain of critical raw materials (CRMs) (Section 1), before focusing on chemical recycling strategies. This section shall deliver the mandatory input parameters for the subsequent analysis of LIBs recycling technologies to the reader. The review's primary focus is on the chemical aspects of LIBs recycling rather than technological aspects of recycling, and we refer readers to recently published reviews for the latter. [3,4] The second section encompasses conventional recycling methods and includes besides published articles in peer-reviewed journal also recycling solutions that were patented. Given the high economic importance of recycling business models, it is not surprising that many prospective solutions are only available in form of patent applications rather than being published in scientific journals. The third section expands recycling to sustainable recycling that ensures both a reduced toxicity and a close to CO 2 -neutral process. The fourth section elucidates the impact of using renewable materials on the chemistry of recycling processes of LIBs. The fifth section spans the connection of LIBs recycling to future Li-based energy storage devices. The final section concludes with an outlook to the future of sustainable recycling. The review considers only previously reported work that either i) describes the experimental details or ii) offers a reference to patents that describe the experimental procedure. Although we do not neglect the importance of published reports that may not fulfill the abovementioned requirements, we strongly believe that the latter are necessary for the development of sustainable recycling process ensuring reproducibility. Technology of LIBsThe light molar weight of lithium (M = 6.94 g mol −1 and density ρ = 0.53 g cm −3 ) and the most negative potential among metals (−3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode) of the Li + /Li

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Purification and Characterization of Reclaimed Electrolytes from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 82 publications

References 48 publications

Sustainability-inspired cell design for a fully recyclable sodium ion battery

Sustainability-inspired cell design for a fully recyclable sodium ion battery

Recycling and environmental issues of lithium-ion batteries: Advances, challenges and opportunities

Sustainable Li‐Ion Batteries: Chemistry and Recycling

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