Pure Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder in Western Countries

Serretta, Vincenzo; Pomara, Giorgio; Piazza, Fulvio; Gange, E.

doi:10.1159/000020105

Cited by 76 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…15,16 There may be significant lag time between development of keratinising squamous metaplasia and development of a bladder tumour (4 to 28 years). 15 However, the reported incidence of SCC synchronous with keratinising squamous metaplasia at time of diagnosis ranges from 9% to 22%.…”

Section: Squamous Cell Cancer Of the Bladdermentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent self-catheterization and the risk of squamous cell cancer of the bladder: An emerging clinical entity?

Casey

Cullen

Crotty

et al. 2013

CUAJ

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There are only 7 cases reported in the literature of squamous cell cancer of the bladder in patients performing intermittent selfcatheterization (ISC). We report on an eighth case, and the first case described in a patient with a Mitrofanoff continent appendicovesicostomy. A description of the case and review of the literature are presented. Risk factors for squamous cell cancer include recurrent urinary tract infections, keratinising squamous metaplasia (leukoplakia) and local mucosal trauma from intermittent selfcatheterization. There is no recognized or validated monitoring program for patients performing ISC who may also have these risk factors. Reasonable protocols may include regular urinary cytology and cystoscopy with random or targeted bladder biopsies. Squamous cell cancer may present late in this cohort of patients and is associated with a dismal prognosis. Can Urol Assoc J 2009;3(5):E51-E54 IntroductionSquamous cell cancer (SCC) of the bladder usually occurs secondary to bilharzia in the Middle East, Southeast Asia and South America, where schistosomiasis is endemic and accounts for 59% to 75% of cases. However, in western regions, SCC of the bladder usually constitutes only 1.2% to 4.5% of all bladder cancers, and these cases are usually secondary to prolonged indwelling catheters, especially in spinal cord-injured patients. This association with SCC has been documented for the last 30 years, 1 and a 10% incidence of bladder SCC in patients with an indwelling catheter for ≥10 years has been recognized. 2 SCC of the bladder may also occur secondary to other chronic irritants, such as bacterial infections, foreign bodies (catheters, bladder calculi) and chronic bladder outlet obstruction. More rarely, there are reports of SCC of the bladder following intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guéri (BCG), 3 systemic cyclophosphamide therapy, 4 and suprapubic catheters. 5 Lapides and colleagues introduced the concept of clean intermittent self-catheterization (ISC) in 1972 as a means of avoiding long-term catheterization or surgery. 6 It was associated with low intravesical pressures, urinary bacterial wall translocation and thus infection, in a variety of neurogenic and non-neurogenic bladder disorders. This technique has been successful in a large number of adults and children on follow-up of more than 20 years. 7,8 Indeed, it is reported that clean ISC is more suitable than indwelling catheterization in patients who require long-term bladder drainage as a means of minimizing the histological changes that occur in the bladder mucosa that may predispose and lead to malignant transformation. 9,10 There are 7 reported cases in the published literature of SCC of the bladder due to a variety of reasons in patients using clean ISC (Table 1). [11][12][13][14] There may be a synergistic association of leukoplakia, persistent bacteriuria, direct catheter trauma and keratinizing squamous metaplasia with progression to SCC in these cases. Squamous metaplasia, which initially may be adaptive and protective, may also...

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Section: Squamous Cell Cancer Of the Bladdermentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent self-catheterization and the risk of squamous cell cancer of the bladder: An emerging clinical entity?

Casey

Cullen

Crotty

et al. 2013

CUAJ

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“…Although treatment with MVAC regimen was ineffective in patients with non-UC (12), Seretta et al (13) performed a retrospective analysis of 19 patients with SCC and found that six patients were in complete remission after 52 months, four of whom were treated with NAC or adjuvant chemotherapy. Moreover, Galsky et al (14) published a prospective study of patients with unresectable non-UC treated with ifosfamide, paclitaxel and cisplatin; the cohort included eight patients with pure SCC, and two patients achieved complete remission, indicating that long-term survival was possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Perioperative Chemotherapy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper and Lower Urinary Tract

Makino

Izumi

Natsagdorj

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Background Although urothelial carcinoma (UC) represents the majority of bladder tumours, with rates ranging between 90% and 95%, bladder cancer encompasses a wide spectrum of malignancies including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; 2-5%), adenocarcinoma (0.5-2%), small cell carcinoma (<1%) and other less common histological types (1). In contrast, SCC represents 1-2% of all upper urinary tract (UT) cancers; thus, establishing a standard of care for SCC is difficult and the prognosis remains poor due to the paucity of cases (2).In this retrospective study, we evaluated the association between SCC of the upper and lower UT cases and oncological outcomes. We also surveyed the utility of perioperative chemotherapy in these cases. Patients and MethodsFor this institutional review board-approved retrospective study at the Kanazawa University, the medical records of 33 patients diagnosed with SCC in renal pelvis, ureter and bladder between 2007 and 2017 were included. We analysed cancer-specific survival (CSS) according to cancer stage, which was determined according to the TNM classification by the International Union Against Cancer (3). Histological type was determined according to the 2004 definition of the World Health Organization (4). Clinicopathological variables that were recorded included patient age, gender, tumour location, tumour T stage, lymph node (LN) status, presence of distant metastases, metastatic sites, cancer stage and histologic type (i.e. pure SCC or UC with squamous differentiation (UCSD)). In the present study, seven patients received presurgical treatment such as cisplatin-based chemotherapy including methotrexate/vinblastine/ doxorubicin/cisplatin (MVAC) or gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) regimen. A grading system of histological response to neoadjuvant therapy for evaluation of both host reactions to tumour destruction and cytologic changes of tumour cells has been reported in various cancer types such as breast cancer; however, its utility in UC is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we utilized the grading system established for breast cancer to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were calculated from the date of diagnosis to death or last follow-up and occurrence of local or distant metastasis, respectively. Survival curves were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences in survival between the groups according to the cancer stage were compared by log-rank test. Continuous variables were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U-test, and categorical variables were compared using the χ 2 or Fisher's exact test. All tests with a two-sided p-value of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. All statistical analyses were performed using Prism 6 (GraphPad ® , USA). 2241

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“…2 It was reported previously that 90% of patients present with higher than clinical stage T2. 3 Chemotherapy and radiotherapy, unlike their effects on transitional cell carcinoma, are of limited benefit in bladder SCC. Even for patients who underwent chemoradiotherapy combined with total cystectomy, the 5-year survival rate was reported to be 24%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even for patients who underwent chemoradiotherapy combined with total cystectomy, the 5-year survival rate was reported to be 24%. [2][3][4] Therefore, effective adjuvant therapies are required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder: a patient treated successfully with a new combined chemotherapy regimen, intraarterial nedaplatin and pirarubicin plus intravenous methotrexate and vincristine

et al. 2006

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We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder treated successfully with intraarterial chemotherapy using nedaplatin. A 75-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital in March 2004 with gross hematuria. Cystoscopic examination showed tumors on the anterior bladder wall. Computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed extravesical invasion of the tumors, and a clinical diagnosis of T3bN0M0 was made. Transurethral biopsy was performed, and histopathological examination revealed SCC, grade 2-3, invasive. The patient received a new combined chemotherapy, intraarterial nedaplatin and pirarubicin plus intravenous methotrexate and vincristine. After two courses of the chemotherapy, CT scans and MRI demonstrated no tumor in the bladder. Transurethral bladder-wall biopsy was performed in November 2004, and histopathological examination of the specimen revealed no definite tumors. The patient is alive without evidence of disease more than 1 year after the chemotherapy.

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Pure Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder in Western Countries

Cited by 76 publications

References 32 publications

Intermittent self-catheterization and the risk of squamous cell cancer of the bladder: An emerging clinical entity?

Intermittent self-catheterization and the risk of squamous cell cancer of the bladder: An emerging clinical entity?

Significance of Perioperative Chemotherapy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper and Lower Urinary Tract

Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder: a patient treated successfully with a new combined chemotherapy regimen, intraarterial nedaplatin and pirarubicin plus intravenous methotrexate and vincristine

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