Pupil dilation in response preparation

Moresi, Sofie; Adam, Jos J.; Rijcken, Jons; Gerven, Pascal W. M. Van; Kuipers, H.; Jolles, Jelle

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.10.011

Cited by 86 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This would be in agreement with evidence that the pupillary response is affected by planning and executing a motor response (e.g., Hupé, Lamirel, & Lorenceau, 2009;Moresi et al, 2008). Indeed, Moresi et al found that the difficulty of response preparation during a finger-cuing task (Miller, 1982) was correlated with pupil size, with more-difficult cues eliciting larger pupil dilations during response preparation and execution.…”

supporting

confidence: 84%

Is pupillary response a reliable index of word recognition? Evidence from a delayed lexical decision task

et al. 2016

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Previous word recognition studies have shown that the pupillary response is sensitive to a word's frequency. However, such a pupillary effect may be due to the process of executing a response, instead of being an index of word processing. With the aim of exploring this possibility, we recorded the pupillary responses in two experiments involving a lexical decision task (LDT). In the first experiment, participants completed a standard LDT, whereas in the second they performed a delayed LDT. The delay in the response allowed us to compare pupil dilations with and without the response execution component. The results showed that pupillary response was modulated by word frequency in both the standard and the delayed LDT. This finding supports the reliability of using pupillometry for word recognition research. Importantly, our results also suggest that tasks that do not require a response during pupil recording lead to clearer and stronger effects.Keywords Visual word recognition . Pupillometry . Lexical decision task . Delayed lexical decision task . Word frequency effect

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supporting

confidence: 84%

Is pupillary response a reliable index of word recognition? Evidence from a delayed lexical decision task

et al. 2016

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“…These studies show that the pupil size increases as the mental workload increases. Pupil dilation is also used to study other forms of cognitive effort, such as Stroop effects (Laeng, Ørbo, Holmlund, & Miozzo, 2011) the complexity of tasks (e.g., Moresi, Adam, Rijcken, van Gerven, Kuipers, & Jolles, 2008;Prehn, Heekeren, & van der Meer, 2011) and the difficulty of retrieving information from memory (van Rijn, Dalenberg, Borst, & Sprenger, 2012).…”

Section: Pupil Dilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

What happens when we switch tasks: Pupil dilation in multitasking.

Katidioti¹,

Borst²,

Taatgen³

2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

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Interruption studies typically focus on external interruptions, even though self-interruptions occur at least as often in real work environments. In this article, we therefore contrast external interruptions with self-interruptions. Three multitasking experiments were conducted, in which we examined changes in pupil size when participants switched from a primary to a secondary task. Results showed an increase in pupil dilation several seconds before a self-interruption, which we could attribute to the decision to switch. This indicates that the decision takes a relatively large amount of time. This was supported by the fact that in Experiment 2, participants were significantly slower on the self-interruption blocks than on the external interruption blocks. These findings suggest that the decision to switch is costly, but may also be open for modification through appropriate training. In addition, we propose that if one must switch tasks, it can be more efficient to implement a forced switch after the completion of a subtask instead of leaving the decision to the user.

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“…Bradley et al (2008) demonstrated that emotional arousal enlarged the pupil size, independent of the valence of the emotion. Moreover, in line with the putative arousing nature of cognitive control, an increased pupil dilatation has been shown to be a reliable measure of the extent of mental effort (Hess and Polt, 1964; Moresi et al, 2008), with a positive association between cognitive load and pupil dilatation (Steenhauer et al, 2000; see Kahneman, 1973). Indeed, pupil dilatation seems to reflect activity in the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system (Jepma and Nieuwenhuis, 2011; Murphy et al, 2011), an arousal-related neurochemical system that is thought to play a key role in the cognitive control of behavior (Aston-Jones and Cohen, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The interplay between the anticipation and subsequent online processing of emotional stimuli as measured by pupillary dilatation: the role of cognitive reappraisal

Vanderhasselt

Remue

et al. 2014

Front. Psychol.

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Emotions can occur during an emotion-eliciting event, but they can also arise when anticipating the event. We used pupillary responses, as a measure of effortful cognitive processing, to test whether the anticipation of an emotional stimulus (positive and negative) influences the subsequent online processing of that emotional stimulus. Moreover, we tested whether individual differences in the habitual use of emotion regulation strategies are associated with pupillary responses during the anticipation and/or online processing of this emotional stimulus. Our results show that, both for positive and negative stimuli, pupillary diameter during the anticipation of emotion-eliciting events is inversely and strongly correlated to pupillary responses during the emotional image presentation. The variance in this temporal interplay between anticipation and online processing was related to individual differences in emotion regulation. Specifically, the results show that high reappraisal scores are related to larger pupil diameter during the anticipation which is related to smaller pupillary responses during the online processing of emotion-eliciting events. The habitual use of expressive suppression was not associated to pupillary responses in the anticipation and subsequent online processing of emotional stimuli. Taken together, the current data suggest (most strongly for individuals scoring high on the habitual use of reappraisal) that larger pupillary responses during the anticipation of an emotional stimulus are indicative of a sustained attentional set activation to prepare for an upcoming emotional stimulus, which subsequently directs a reduced need to cognitively process that emotional event. Hence, because the habitual use of reappraisal is known to have a positive influence on emotional well-being, the interplay between anticipation and online processing of emotional stimuli might be a significant marker of this well-being.

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Pupil dilation in response preparation

Cited by 86 publications

References 35 publications

Is pupillary response a reliable index of word recognition? Evidence from a delayed lexical decision task

Is pupillary response a reliable index of word recognition? Evidence from a delayed lexical decision task

What happens when we switch tasks: Pupil dilation in multitasking.

The interplay between the anticipation and subsequent online processing of emotional stimuli as measured by pupillary dilatation: the role of cognitive reappraisal

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