Pulvinus functional traits in relation to leaf movements: A light and transmission electron microscopy study of the vascular system

Rodrigues, Tatiane Maria; Machado, Sílvia Rodrigues

doi:10.1016/j.micron.2007.09.001

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Since vascular plant cells are surrounded by lignified dead cells, their inner morphological structure is not easily detected using optical imaging methods. Therefore, the sectional structure of M. pudica could not be investigated previously until a series of chemical treatments were performed2728.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time imaging of pulvinus bending in Mimosa pudica

Song

Yeom

Lee

2014

Sci Rep

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Mimosa pudica is a plant that rapidly shrinks its body in response to external stimuli. M. pudica does not perform merely simple movements, but exhibits a variety of movements that quickly change depending on the type of stimuli. Previous studies have investigated the motile mechanism of the plants from a biochemical perspective. However, an interdisciplinary study on the structural characteristics of M. pudica should be accompanied by biophysical research to explain the principles underlying such movements. In this study, the structural characteristics and seismonastic reactions of M. pudica were experimentally investigated using advanced bio-imaging techniques. The results show that the key factors for the flexible movements by the pulvinus are the following: bendable xylem bundle, expandable/shrinkable epidermis, tiny wrinkles for surface modification, and a xylem vessel network for efficient water transport. This study provides new insight for better understanding the M. pudica motile mechanism through structural modification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time imaging of pulvinus bending in Mimosa pudica

Song

Yeom

Lee

2014

Sci Rep

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“…As Darwin (, p. 281) noted, however, ‘ The leaves of some few plants move either upwards or downwards when the sun shines intensely on them, and this movement has sometimes been called diurnal sleep; but we believe it to be of an essentially different nature from the nocturnal movement… ’ Although there is a strong correspondence between the respective occurrences of photo‐induced leaf movements and nyctinasty in plant species, this correspondence is not perfect. Crotolaria semperflorens , Desmodium parviflorum (Pearson, ), Sophora alopecuroides (Zhu et al ., ) and Zornia diphylla (Pearson, ; Rodrigues & Machado, ), for example, undergo photo‐induced but not nyctinastic movements. Conversely, Pycnospora hedysaroides , Atylosia candollei (Pearson, ) and Talinum triangulare (Holdsworth, ) demonstrate nyctinastic but not photo‐induced leaf movements.…”

Section: Background Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there is a strong correspondence between the respective occurrences of photo-induced leaf movements and nyctinasty in plant species, this correspondence is not perfect. Crotolaria semperflorens, Desmodium parviflorum (Pearson, 1899), Sophora alopecuroides (Zhu et al, 2015) and Zornia diphylla (Pearson, 1899;Rodrigues & Machado, 2008), for example, undergo photo-induced but not nyctinastic movements. Conversely, Pycnospora hedysaroides, Atylosia candollei (Pearson, 1899) and Talinum triangulare (Holdsworth, 1959) demonstrate nyctinastic but not photo-induced leaf movements.…”

Section: Background Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The functions of foliar nyctinasty: a review and hypothesis

Minorsky

2018

Biological Reviews

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Foliar nyctinasty is a plant behaviour characterised by a pronounced daily oscillation in leaf orientation. During the day, the blades of nyctinastic plant leaves (or leaflets) assume a more or less horizontal position that optimises their ability to capture sunlight for photosynthesis. At night, the positions that the leaf blades assume, regardless of whether they arise by rising, falling or twisting, are essentially vertical. Among the ideas put forth to explain the raison d'être of foliar nyctinasty are that it: (i) improves the temperature relations of plants; (ii) helps remove surface water from foliage; (iii) prevents the disruption of photoperiodism by moonlight; and (iv) directly discourages insect herbivory. After discussing these previous hypotheses, a novel tritrophic hypothesis is introduced that proposes that foliar nyctinasty constitutes an indirect plant defence against nocturnal herbivores. It is suggested that the reduction in physical clutter that follows from nocturnal leaf closure may increase the foraging success of many types of animals that prey upon or parasitise herbivores. Predators and parasitoids generally use some combination of visual, auditory or olfactory cues to detect prey. In terrestrial environments, it is hypothesised that the vertical orientation of the blades of nyctinastic plants at night would be especially beneficial to flying nocturnal predators (e.g. bats and owls) and parasitoids whose modus operandi is death from above. The movements of prey beneath a plant with vertically oriented foliage would be visually more obvious to gleaning or swooping predators under nocturnal or crepuscular conditions. Such predators could also detect sounds made by prey better without baffling layers of foliage overhead to damp and disperse the signal. Moreover, any volatiles released by the prey would diffuse more directly to the awaiting olfactory apparatus of the predators or parasitoids. In addition to facilitating the demise of herbivores by carnivores and parasitoids, foliar nyctinasty, much like the enhanced illumination of the full moon, may mitigate feeding by nocturnal herbivores by altering their foraging behaviour. Foliar nyctinasty could also provide a competitive advantage by encouraging herbivores, seeking more cover, to forage on or around non-nyctinastic species. As an added advantage, foliar nyctinasty, by decreasing the temperature between plants through its effects on re-radiation, may slow certain types of ectothermic herbivores making them more vulnerable to predation. Foliar nyctinasty also may not solely be a behavioural adaptation against folivores; by discouraging foraging by granivores, the inclusive fitness of nyctinastic plants may be increased.

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“…Anatomical study of Phaseolus vulgaris demonstrated that vascular tissue exhibits a flexible relatively inextensible central core enveloped by a starch sheath which is enclosed by multilayered cortical parenchyma cells also called motor tissue (Koller and Zamski 2002). Anatomical features of the pulvinus of several leguminous species have been investigated recently (Rodrigues and Machado 2008). The pulvinus appears swollen because of large volume of thin parenchymatous cells with intercellular spaces (Esau 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulvinus: an ideal explant for plant regeneration in Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb., an important ethnomedicinal woody climber

2011

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This study demonstrates the morphogenic potential of pulvinus, an important organ situated at the base of the petiole or rachis of leguminous plants. Plant regeneration via pulvinus-derived calli of Caesalpinia bonduc has been achieved. Organogenic calli have been derived from the explant 45 days after culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) alone or in combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Optimum callus induction (100%) occurred when the pulvini were cultured on MS medium fortified with 6 mg l -1 2,4-D and 1 mg l -1 BA. The highest shoot induction was obtained when the calli were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 5 mg l -1 BA and 1 mg l -1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). On this medium, 87% cultures responded with an average number of 4.2 shoots per culture. The maximum root induction from the regenerated shoots was observed on half strength MS medium containing 6 mg l -1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Here 100% shoots rooted with a mean number of 6.3 roots per shoot. The regenerated plantlets were acclimatized and subsequently showed normal growth. This efficient protocol will be helpful for propagating elite clones on a mass scale and could be utilized for genetic transformation study.

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Pulvinus functional traits in relation to leaf movements: A light and transmission electron microscopy study of the vascular system

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

Real-time imaging of pulvinus bending in Mimosa pudica

Real-time imaging of pulvinus bending in Mimosa pudica

The functions of foliar nyctinasty: a review and hypothesis

Pulvinus: an ideal explant for plant regeneration in Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb., an important ethnomedicinal woody climber

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