Pulsed three-dimensional electron spin resonance microscopy

Blank, Aharon; Dunnam, Curt R.; Borbat, Peter P.; Freed, Jack H.

doi:10.1063/1.1828599

Cited by 28 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Taking the experimental sensitivity to c min Gd ¼ 500 mM detected in t m ¼ 20 s and a spatial resolution of Dr xy ¼ 460 nm (4 Â 4 pixels), this corresponds to an experimental detection of 1,000 statistically polarized spins of which only 32 ions contribute to an effective net magnetization. This spin sensitivity is an improvement by more than four orders of magnitude compared with other state-of-the-art magnetic sensing techniques operating at ambient conditions [33][34][35] . Single spin detection has been demonstrated using magnetic resonance force microscopy 3,8 , but at the expense of cryogenic temperatures and significantly longer acquisition times.…”

Section: Nv Relaxometrymentioning

confidence: 90%

Magnetic spin imaging under ambient conditions with sub-cellular resolution

Steinert¹,

Ziem²,

et al. 2013

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The detection of small numbers of magnetic spins is a significant challenge in the life, physical and chemical sciences, especially when room temperature operation is required. Here we show that a proximal nitrogen-vacancy spin ensemble serves as a high precision sensing and imaging array. Monitoring its longitudinal relaxation enables sensing of freely diffusing, unperturbed magnetic ions and molecules in a microfluidic device without applying external magnetic fields. Multiplexed charge-coupled device acquisition and an optimized detection scheme permits direct spin noise imaging of magnetically labelled cellular structures under ambient conditions. Within 20 s we achieve spatial resolutions below 500 nm and experimental sensitivities down to 1,000 statistically polarized spins, of which only 32 ions contribute to a net magnetization. The results mark a major step towards versatile subcellular magnetic imaging and real-time spin sensing under physiological conditions providing a minimally invasive tool to monitor ion channels or haemoglobin trafficking inside live cells.

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Section: Nv Relaxometrymentioning

confidence: 90%

Magnetic spin imaging under ambient conditions with sub-cellular resolution

Steinert¹,

Ziem²,

et al. 2013

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“…Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging can be used to visualize the distribution of unpaired electrons in a subject [1][2][3][4][5]. This is a noninvasive method for detecting free radicals in a living system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic approach to cutoff frequency selection in continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance imaging

Hirata

Itoh

Hosokawa

et al. 2005

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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“…These can be a rich source of information about processes at the atomic and molecular level. Magnetic resonance techniques such as electron spin resonance (ESR) have played an important role in the development of our understanding of membranes, proteins, and free radicals (7); however, ESR sensitivity and resolution are fundamentally limited to mesoscopic ensembles of at least 10 7 spins with a sensitivity of ∼2 × 10 9 spins per Hz 1/2 (8). In a typical ESR application, small electron spin label moieties are attached to the system of interest and their environment is investigated through spin measurements on the labels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of atomic spin labels in a lipid bilayer using a single-spin nanodiamond probe

Kaufmann

Simpson

Hall

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

125

140

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Magnetic field fluctuations arising from fundamental spins are ubiquitous in nanoscale biology, and are a rich source of information about the processes that generate them. However, the ability to detect the few spins involved without averaging over large ensembles has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate the detection of gadolinium spin labels in an artificial cell membrane under ambient conditions using a single-spin nanodiamond sensor. Changes in the spin relaxation time of the sensor located in the lipid bilayer were optically detected and found to be sensitive to nearindividual (4 ± 2) proximal gadolinium atomic labels. The detection of such small numbers of spins in a model biological setting, with projected detection times of 1 s [corresponding to a sensitivity of ∼5 Gd spins per Hz 1/2 ], opens a pathway for in situ nanoscale detection of dynamical processes in biology.nitrogen-vacancy center | biophysics | nanomagnetometry T he development of sensitive and highly localized probes has driven advances in our understanding of the basic processes of life at increasingly smaller scales (1). In the last decade there has been a strong drive to expand the range of probes that can be used for studying biological systems (2-6), with emphasis on the detection of atoms and molecules in nanometer-sized volumes to gain access to information that may be hidden in ensemble averaging. However, at present there are no nanoprobes suitable for directly sensing the weak magnetic fields arising from small numbers of fundamental spins in nanoscale biology, occurring naturally (e.g., free radicals) or introduced (e.g., spin labels). These can be a rich source of information about processes at the atomic and molecular level. Magnetic resonance techniques such as electron spin resonance (ESR) have played an important role in the development of our understanding of membranes, proteins, and free radicals (7); however, ESR sensitivity and resolution are fundamentally limited to mesoscopic ensembles of at least 10 7 spins with a sensitivity of ∼2 × 10 9 spins per Hz 1/2 (8). In a typical ESR application, small electron spin label moieties are attached to the system of interest and their environment is investigated through spin measurements on the labels. Because of the large ensemble required, nanoscopic detail at the few-spin level can be lost in the averaging process. Recently, magnetic resonance force microscopy techniques have demonstrated single-spin detection (9-11), but these require cryogenic temperatures and vacuum. Here, we demonstrate a nanoparticle probe--a nitrogen-vacancy spin in a nanodiamond--which is situated in the target structure itself and acts as a nanoscopic magnetic field detector under ambient conditions with noncontact optical readout. We use this probe to detect near-individual spin labels in an artificial cell membrane at a projected sensitivity of ∼5 Gd spins per Hz 1/2 , effectively bridging the gap between traditional ESR ensemble-based techniques and the ultimate goal of few-spin nanoscale detection...

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Pulsed three-dimensional electron spin resonance microscopy

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Magnetic spin imaging under ambient conditions with sub-cellular resolution

Magnetic spin imaging under ambient conditions with sub-cellular resolution

Systematic approach to cutoff frequency selection in continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance imaging

Detection of atomic spin labels in a lipid bilayer using a single-spin nanodiamond probe

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