Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in Bone Healing: Molecular Pathways and Clinical Applications

Caliogna, Laura; Medetti, Marta; Bina, Valentina; Brancato, Alice Maria; Castelli, Alberto; Jannelli, Eugenio; Ivone, Alessandro; Gastaldi, Giulia; Annunziata, Salvatore; Mosconi, Mario; Pasta, Gianluigi

doi:10.3390/ijms22147403

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…Improvements of surgical techniques and fixation devices in OWHTO have enabled early recovery with full-weight bearing, accelerated postoperative rehabilitation, and minimized muscle weakness [ 15 , 16 ]. Early bone healing with a stimulatory device may also accelerate the weight bearing activities [ 17 ]. Accelerated rehabilitation protocols for OWHTO were introduced and lead to earlier improvement of the clinical results [ 15 , 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Return to sports activity after opening wedge high tibial osteotomy in patients aged 70 years and older

et al. 2021

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Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate return to sports (RTS) after opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) in elderly patients and associated factors affecting RTS. Methods Seventy-four patients (mean age 68 years) who underwent OWHTO were enrolled. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Knee Society Score (KSS). Patients were asked regarding types of sports activities and their levels of participation within preoperative 1 year and postoperative 1 year. Levels of participation in sports and recreational activities were examined using the Tegner activity scale. The outcomes were compared between two age groups (≥ 70 years vs. < 70 years). Results Of the 74 patients overall, 59 participated in at least one sport preoperatively, and 55 returned to sports postoperatively (RTS 93%). The KSS knee score and function score were significantly improved after surgery in both age groups (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were found between the age groups. The Tegner activity scales for ≥ 70 years and < 70 years were 2.9 ± 1.1 and 4.0 ± 1.9 preoperatively (P < 0.01) and 2.7 ± 1.2 and 3.3 ± 1.4 postoperatively (P = 0.16), respectively. RTS was reported by 24 of 25 (96.0%) in the age < 70 years group and 31 of 34 (91.2%) in the age ≥ 70 years group. Majority of age ≥ 70 years participated in low-impact sports preoperatively and returned to the same impact level postoperatively. Conclusions The rate of RTS after OWHTO was high in patients aged 70 years and older with low-impact level. OWHTO is a preferred surgical option for elderly patients who desire RTS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Return to sports activity after opening wedge high tibial osteotomy in patients aged 70 years and older

et al. 2021

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“…Physical stimuli such as mechanical vibration, shock waves and electromagnetic fields have been proven to promote bone formation to accelerate fracture healing and improve osteoporosis [ 19 , 20 ]. The results from the in vitro experiments revealed the promotion effect of LMHFV on both osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of low-magnitude high-frequency vibration on high glucose-induced osteoblast dysfunction and bone loss in diabetic rats

Huang

Zhou

et al. 2021

J Orthop Surg Res

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Objective Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) has been reported to be capable of promoting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Reduced osteoblast activity and impaired bone formation were related to diabetic bone loss. We investigated the potential protective effects of LMHFV on high-glucose (HG)-induced osteoblasts in this study. In addition, the assessment of LMHFV treatment for bone loss attributed to diabetes was also performed in vivo. Method MC3T3-E1 cells induced by HG only or treated with LMHFV were treated in vitro. The experiments performed in this study included the detection of cell proliferation, migration and differentiation, as well as protein expression. Diabetic bone loss induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in rats was established. Combined with bone morphometric, microstructure, biomechanical properties and matrix composition tests, the potential of LMHFV in treating diabetes bone loss was explored. Results After the application of LMHFV, the inhibiting effects of HG on the proliferation, migration and differentiation of osteoblasts were alleviated. The GSK3β/β-catenin pathway was involved in the protective effect of LMHFV. Impaired microstructure and biomechanical properties attributed to diabetes were ameliorated by LMHFV treatment. The improvement of femur biomechanical properties might be associated with the alteration of the matrix composition by the LMHFV. Conclusion LMHFV exhibited a protective effect on osteoblasts against HG by regulating the proliferation, migration and differentiation of osteoblasts. The function of promoting bone formation and reinforcing bone strength made it possible for LMHFV to alleviate diabetic bone loss.

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“…Moreover, the formation of new bone tissue is observed in the areas of bone under tension, whereas the compression causes bone resorption. Thus, pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have been recently implemented as an effective approach in orthopedic clinical treatment to support bone healing [113,114]. PEMFs are low-frequency magnetic fields that are generated from an alternate current.…”

Section: Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields-based Bioreactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PEMFs are low-frequency magnetic fields that are generated from an alternate current. Waveform and amplitude are defined and have a permanent variation of the magnetic field amplitude over time [113]. PEMFs were approved by the FDA as a safe and non-invasive method to treat non-union or delayed-union bone fractures [113,114].…”

Section: Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields-based Bioreactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioengineered Living Bone Grafts—A Concise Review on Bioreactors and Production Techniques In Vitro

Kazimierczak

Przekora

2022

IJMS

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It has been observed that bone fractures carry a risk of high mortality and morbidity. The deployment of a proper bone healing method is essential to achieve the desired success. Over the years, bone tissue engineering (BTE) has appeared to be a very promising approach aimed at restoring bone defects. The main role of the BTE is to apply new, efficient, and functional bone regeneration therapy via a combination of bone scaffolds with cells and/or healing promotive factors (e.g., growth factors and bioactive agents). The modern approach involves also the production of living bone grafts in vitro by long-term culture of cell-seeded biomaterials, often with the use of bioreactors. This review presents the most recent findings concerning biomaterials, cells, and techniques used for the production of living bone grafts under in vitro conditions. Particular attention has been given to features of known bioreactor systems currently used in BTE: perfusion bioreactors, rotating bioreactors, and spinner flask bioreactors. Although bioreactor systems are still characterized by some limitations, they are excellent platforms to form bioengineered living bone grafts in vitro for bone fracture regeneration. Moreover, the review article also describes the types of biomaterials and sources of cells that can be used in BTE as well as the role of three-dimensional bioprinting and pulsed electromagnetic fields in both bone healing and BTE.

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Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in Bone Healing: Molecular Pathways and Clinical Applications

Cited by 37 publications

References 53 publications

Return to sports activity after opening wedge high tibial osteotomy in patients aged 70 years and older

Return to sports activity after opening wedge high tibial osteotomy in patients aged 70 years and older

Protective effects of low-magnitude high-frequency vibration on high glucose-induced osteoblast dysfunction and bone loss in diabetic rats

Bioengineered Living Bone Grafts—A Concise Review on Bioreactors and Production Techniques In Vitro

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