Pulsed electrodeposition of Zn in the presence of surfactants

Gomes, Augusto; Pereira, M. I. da Silva

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2005.06.023

Cited by 191 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The accelerating effect of an anionic surfactant on Zn 2+ electroreduction was observed in the work of Nieszporek [10] and Gomes and da Silva Pereira [3]. The measurements performed at the dropping mercury electrode showed a current increase without the change in the peak potential with the addition of 1-decanesulfonate to the zinc solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The measurements performed at the dropping mercury electrode showed a current increase without the change in the peak potential with the addition of 1-decanesulfonate to the zinc solution. Opposite results were obtained in the presence of another anionic alkyl surfactant such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) [3,4], for which the authors proved a negative shift with its addition. The process of zinc electroreduction at electrode materials such as Pt, Pd, Au, and steel is characterized by underpotential deposition (UPD) and bulk deposition [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…An electrochemical treatment of EHS was carried out in a cell with a volume of 160 cm 3 . A platinum plate was applied as a cathode and TiO 2 (70%)-RuO 2 (30%)/Ti as an anode with the geometric area of 20 cm 2 each.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such properties can be achieved by adding certain organic compounds, i.e., arenes and surface-active agents to the zinc bath [1,2]. Surfactants are commonly used in zinc electrodeposition to control both the shape and size of metallic crystals and, in consequence, to obtain smooth and bright coatings [3,4]. Solubilization of organic compounds in the presence of their aggregates is also a well-known phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Reactions of Sodium 2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate Salt

2017

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The electrochemical reactions of sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate (EHS) and its effect on the Zn 2+ electroreduction have been investigated at a mercury electrode using cyclic voltammetry. It has been shown that the reduction takes place in two steps. The presence of EHS in the solution containing Zn 2+ ions moves slightly the potential of zinc reduction towards more negative potentials and causes a slight increase in current density. The differential capacity-potential and differential capacity-time measurements indicate strong adsorption in a wide potential range on the electrode surface. In the potential range −0.46 to −0.86 V vs. saturated calomel electrode and at the concentration lower than the critical micelle concentration (CMC), adsorption for the longer time is hardly reversible. At the concentration higher than the CMC, the formation of hemispherical surface micelles is observed. The theoretical maximum degree of electrode coverage computed with the use of quantum-chemical calculations is equal to 3.53 × 10 14 particles cm, and it is larger than the value determined experimentally from cyclic voltammograms. In the case of electrochemical reaction, at a current of 0.3 A, during 180 min, the obtained mineralization of EHS is only 3%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Reactions of Sodium 2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate Salt

2017

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“…Hasil ini juga menunjukkan bahwa surfaktan Glucopone 215 CSUP dengan konsentrasi di atas CMC-nya dapat mempengaruhi kenaikan yang signifikan potensial dari co-deposisi kobalt, nikel dan tembaga yang tidak terjadi pada konsentrasi di bawah CMC-nya. Hasil ini sesuai dengan hasil kajian yang telah dilaporkan oleh peneliti sebelumnya [8] yang menyebutkan bahwa penambahan surfaktan ke dalam elektrolit dapat menaikkan overpotensial dalam proses elektrodeposisi logam pada substrate. Sementara itu, pada anodik scan, terdapat puncak pada potensial positif yang merupakan puncak anodik dalam voltamogram yang berasal dari proses oksidasi endapan yang wujud diatas katoda [7,9].…”

Section: Issn 2089-0087unclassified

Kajian Cyclic Voltammetry Pengaruh Surfaktan Glucopone 215 Csup Dalam Elektrolit Sulfat

Budi¹,

Purwanto²,

Daud³

2017

jrskt

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AbstrakSurfaktan dapat digunakan sebagai aditif yang dapat mengontrol dan memodifikasi proses pertumbuhan partikel yang dipreparasi dengan metode deposisi elektrokimia. Kajian pendahuluan terhadap pengaruh penggunaan surfaktan Glucopone 215 CSUP terhadap karakteristik elektrokimia elektrolit sulfat telah dilakukan menggunakan teknik cyclic voltammetry. Hasil pengukuran menggunakan tensiometer menunjukkan bahwa ion-ion dari elektrolit tidak menimbulkan perbedaan signifikan terhadap critical micelle concentration (CMC) surfaktan yang dikaji. Pengaruh penambahan surfaktan Glucopone 215 CSUP terhadap cyclic voltammogram teramati ketika konsentrasi surfaktan diatas nilai CMC-nya. Katodik scan dari cyclic voltammogram menunjukkan bahwa pada konsentrasi diatas surfaktan, 1,3 wt.%, titik kenaikan arus katodik bergeser ke potensial yang semakin negatif. Hasil ini memberikan informasi potensial co-electrodeposisi yang sesuai untuk Co, Ni, dan Cu yang dipreparasi dari elektrolit sulfat dengan menggunakan aditif Glucopone 215 CSUP.

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Electrodeposition of Zinc and Zinc Alloys

Winand¹

2010

Modern Electroplating

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Zinc has a standard reversible potential [À0.76 V/standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)] that is more negative than that of iron (Fe/Fe 2 þ -0.44V/SHE). For this reason zinc is used for sacrificial cathodic protection of steel against corrosion.According to Fischer [1], in metal electrodeposition, zinc can be considered as an intermediate metal, giving rise to medium values of overpotentials due to secondary inhibition resulting from adsorbed hydrolized species.In acid sulfate solutions without an organic additive, BR metallographic cross-sectional structures are obtained (BR: basis reproduction; coherent deposits with coarse crystals whose diameter increases with the deposit thickness; see Fig. 10.1). In chloride electrolytes, even coarser grains are observed, because of the more activating character of chloride ions against sulfate ions [2] and despite the complex formation in solution [3, p. 464]. In cyanide baths, on the other hand, much finer grains are obtained, and the deposits pertain to the FT (field-oriented texture: coherent deposits, with elongated crystals perpendicular to the substrate, with almost constant diameter throughout the deposit thickness) or UD types (UD: unoriented dispersion type; coherent deposit, with small crystals showing three-dimensional nucleation to occur all the time during electrodeposition). Figure 10.2 shows a deposit obtained in a cyanide solution without an organic additive: the structure is initially FT, but it becomes progressively bad. Going from a cyanide bath to a noncyanide alkaline bath should result in still worse deposits because electrolyte complexation decreases [3] and exchange current density increases [4, pp. 528-543].Accordingly, when rather thick deposits are needed and/or if a bright surface is required, organic additives are always present at high concentration (1 g L À1 or more). This always occurs in barrel-and-rack plating of small pieces of equipment, because the local current densities will vary over a wide range. For continuous plating on steel sheets or wires, constant current density and rather good hydrodynamic control may be achieved over the whole cathodic surface, and organic additives are not so much in use.Whatever the pH, zinc is always more negative than hydrogen [5]. In electrolytes where zinc is complexed, its standard reversible potential is still more negative; for instance, for cyanide baths, the reversible potential for reactionin alkaline solution is À1.26 V/SHE [6]. Consequently hydrogen evolution occurs at the cathode as a competitor to zinc deposition, resulting in a decrease of current efficiency and eventually in some atomic hydrogen diffusion into the substrate.Finally, in industrial processes electrolytic plating is an alternative to hot-dip galvanizing. Both processes have advantages and disadvantages. Continual technological improvements make it difficult to conclude in favor of one process over the other. However, hot dip always includes some surface alloying by diffusion, and the deposit thickness is less easily controlled th...

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Pulsed electrodeposition of Zn in the presence of surfactants

Cited by 191 publications

References 27 publications

Electrochemical Reactions of Sodium 2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate Salt

Electrochemical Reactions of Sodium 2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate Salt

Kajian Cyclic Voltammetry Pengaruh Surfaktan Glucopone 215 Csup Dalam Elektrolit Sulfat

Electrodeposition of Zinc and Zinc Alloys

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