Pulsed Doppler regurgitant flow patterns of normal valves

“…Most of the cases of regurgitation are so mild that they cannot be heard as heart murmurs. It was well known that mild valvular regurgitation can be detected frequently in normal subjects using Doppler echocardiography (Kostucki et al 1986;Akasaka et al 1987;Berger et al 1989), so one can not neglect the possibility that some of the mild valvular regurgitation which was noted in the acute phase of Kawasaki syndrome have included "physiological" valvular regurgitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valvular heart disease in Kawasaki syndrome. Incidence and natural history.

et al. 1989

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“…Grades for valvar regurgitation were as follows: nil (including physiological or trivial valvar regurgitation), 13,14 mild (including subclinical but pathological regurgitation), [15][16][17][18] moderate, and severe. 12,19 The minimal criteria to allow a diagnosis of pathological regurgitation included a substantial color jet seen in 2 planes extending well beyond the valve leaflets with continuous-wave or pulsed Doppler holodiastolic (aortic regurgitation) or holosystolic (mitral regurgitation) with well-defined, high-velocity spectral envelope.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Acute Rheumatic Fever

et al. 2001

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Background-Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) remains the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children worldwide. No therapeutic agent has been shown to alter the clinical outcome of the acute illness. Immunological mechanisms appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of ARF. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), a proven immunomodulator, may benefit cardiac conditions of an autoimmune nature. We investigated whether IVIG modified the natural history of ARF by reducing the extent and severity of carditis. Methods and Results-This prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluated IVIG in patients with a first episode of rheumatic fever, stratifying patients by the presence and severity of carditis before randomization. Patients were randomly allocated to receive 1 g/kg IVIG on days 1 and 2 and 0.4 g/kg on days 14 and 28, or they received a placebo infusion. Clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic evaluation was performed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 26, and 52 weeks. Fifty-nine patients were treated, of whom 39 had carditis (including 4 subclinical) and/or migratory polyarthritis (nϭ39). There was no difference between groups in the rate of normalization of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate or acute-phase proteins at the 6-week follow-up. On echocardiography, 59% in the IVIG group and 69% in the placebo group had carditis at baseline. There was no significant difference in the cardiac outcome, including the proportion of valves involved, or in the severity of valvar regurgitation at 1 year. At 1 year, 41% of the IVIG and 50% of the placebo group had carditis. Conclusions-IVIG

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Pulsed Doppler regurgitant flow patterns of normal valves

Cited by 137 publications

References 7 publications

Color Doppler evaluation of valvular regurgitation in normal subjects.

Color Doppler evaluation of valvular regurgitation in normal subjects.

Valvular heart disease in Kawasaki syndrome. Incidence and natural history.

Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Acute Rheumatic Fever

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