Pulse Voltage Electrical Stimulation for Bacterial Inactivation and Wound Healing in Mice with Diabetes

Abstract

Background: Treatment of wounds in diabetes often gets less than perfect healing. One of the reasons for the difficulty in treating wounds in diabetes is the growth of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. This study aims to determine the pulse voltage and treatment time that can optimally inactivate bacteria, and their effect on wound healing in mice suffering from diabetes.
 Methods: The study used electrical stimulation with a direct voltage of 10 volts given a pulse voltage of 50-80 volts, a width of 50 µs, and the number of pulses of 65 per second. The research samples were Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudo-monas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteria that grew on beef and mice (Mus musculus) with diabetes. The treatment for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacteria was carried out using a pulse voltage of 50-80 volts for 5-15 min/day and repeated for 3 days. Meanwhile, treatment of mice wounds was carried out with a pulse voltage of 80 volts for 15 min/day and repeated for 7 days.
 Results: The results showed that treatment with a pulse voltage of 50-80 volts and a treatment time of 5-15 min significantly reduced the number of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacteria in beef (p£0.05). Treatment with a pulse voltage of 80 volts for 15 min made beef free from bacteria. Meanwhile, treatment with a pulse voltage of 80 volts for 15 min per day for seven days resulted in the wound state of three mice in the maturation phase and two mice in the proliferation phase on day 8 with an average wound area of 0.108 cm 2.
 Conclusion: The treatment with a pulse voltage of 80 volts for 15 min made the beef sterile, the mice wounds healed quickly, and the mice not stressed. The higher the blood glucose level, the slower the wound healing process.

Extendable high gain low current/high pulse modified quadratic–SEPIC converter for water treatment applications

“…13 e–g, respectively. These output voltages are much suitable for treatment of microbes discussed in 21 – 23 . The capacitor C 5 voltage (VC 5 ) for the input 36 V is presented in Fig.…”

“…However, they pose a risk of increasing voltage ripples of capacitors and falling output pulse frequency. Low pulsed dc voltages effectively deactivating microbes generally found diffused in water from dead animals is discussed in 21 – 23 . Taphylococcus aureus is deactivated with 50–80 V pulses for 5 min for 3 days 21 followed by pichia rhodanensis with 400–500 V pulses 22 and pseudomonas aeruginosa with 500 V pulses for 100 μs 23 .…”

Unlocking Wearable Microbial Fuel Cells for Advanced Wound Infection Treatment

“…subtilis secretes significant quantities of antibacterial agents that inhibit the growth of competing pathogens. ,,, Experimental evidence confirms that B. subtilis can effectively balance antibacterial production and growth when in competition with pathogens. , Additionally, electrical stimulation has been shown to exert an inhibitory effect on pathogen proliferation. , Moreover, evidence suggests that direct current at the microampere level is particularly effective in inhibiting bacterial growth …”

“…49,50 Additionally, electrical stimulation has been shown to exert an inhibitory effect on pathogen proliferation. 51,52 Moreover, evidence suggests that direct current at the microampere level is particularly effective in inhibiting bacterial growth. 53 We hypothesize that an MFC preloaded with B. subtilis can serve as a pioneering and dynamic solution for the treatment of infected wounds.…”

Polymeric Orthosis with Electromagnetic Stimulator Controlled by Mobile Application for Bone Fracture Healing: Evaluation of Design Concepts for Medical Use

“…For characterizing the possible influence of biological tissue on the propagation of the magnetic field up to the fracture, bovine biological tissue was acquired from the hip region, with a thickness of 3.1 cm in the thickest region and 2.2 cm thick in the thinner region, and it was 15.8 cm long. Bovine tissue was used in accordance with previous research works on biomechanics [37][38][39][40]. The coil was placed perpendicular to the support surface and aligned with the probe of the magnetic field meter for 5 records.…”