Pulpal effects of water and air coolants used in high-speed cavity preparations

Application of finite element analysis to evaluate optimal parameters for bone/tooth drilling to avoid thermal necrosis

“…Temperature distribution during tooth clinical operative procedures has most commonly been analyzed with thermocouples (Dachi & Stigers, 1968;Fonseca et al, 2013). But, it is also reported that the source of error (Dansgaard & Jarby, 1958) could be mainly due to the use of thermocouple and that needs to be assessed or correlated with the point of measurements.…”

“…The "washed-field technique" discussed by Zach & Cohen (Zach & Cohen, 1962) in their studies has been shown to be an effective cooling procedure. Lloyd (Lloyd et al, 1978) and Schuchard (Dachi & Stigers, 1968) show that wet cooling techniques provide better temperature control than air-cooling and improve the rate of chips removal from drilling. They confirm that without the cooling method, a considerable amount of heat is deposited by bur in the tooth, resulting in an excessive temperature increase (Christensen, 1973;Langeland & Langeland, 1968;Peyton, 1955Peyton, , 1958 leading to mechanical damage to the tooth structure due to thermal stress.…”

“…Langeland (Langeland, K., & Langeland, L. K., 1968) argues that water-cooling is best done even for a short time in natural contact, but, on the other hand, Schuchard (Schuchard & Watkins, 1965), Stigers (Dachi & Stigers, 1968), Carlton (Carlton & Dorman, 1969) argue that air-cooling is sufficient. However, this statement is numerically justified by Carlton and Dorman (Fonseca et al, 2013) who report dentin temperatures of 267 °F (130.6°C) and pulp temperatures of 140 °F in the presence of air coolant, while the respective temperatures are 257 °F (125°C) and 79.9 °F (26°C) in case of water spray.…”

Pulpal Response to High Speed Cavity Preparation Using Water or Air Spray As Coolants

“…Several workers have related the pulpal response to cavity preparation [1 ,2,3,4], also relating it to water or air coolant [5,6,7]. A great divergence among the findings described by the above mentioned authors have led us to the realization of a work , in which we have concluded that the pulpal alterations are more closely related to cavity depth than to the coolant agent [8].…”

Effect of Cooling Techniques on Temperature Control and Cutting Rate for High-Speed Dental Drills

“…Mechanical damage may be much more prominent than previously suspected, as shown in recent studies by the authors.6 There is considerable difference of opinion on the effectiveness of various cooling techniques as evidenced by the various techniques used in dental practice and the variety of results reported in the literature. For that water coolant is best; Schuchard, as well as Dachi and Stigers,9 contend that air coolant is sufficient; Carlton and Dor-man'0 reported dentin temperatures of 267 F (130.6 C) and pulp temperatures of 140 F while drilling with air coolant, whereas by using water spray the respective temperatures were 257 F (125 C) and…”