Pulmonic stenosis in dogs: survival and risk factors in a retrospective cohort of patients

Locatelli, Chiara; Spalla, I.; Domenech, Oriol; Sala, Emanuela; Brambilla, Paola G.; Bussadori, Claudio

doi:10.1111/jsap.12113

Cited by 51 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The patients were divided into three groups depending on blood flow velocity through the pulmonic and aortic valve, and the blood pressure in the pulmonic artery and aorta according to the binding standards. Light degree stenosis referred to the velocity from 2.25 to 3.5 m/s (blood pressure from 20 to 49 mmHg), moderate degree stenosis -velocity from 3.5 to 4.5 m/s (blood pressure from 50 to 80 mmHg) and severe degree stenosis -velocity over 4.5 m/s (blood pressure over 80 mmHg) (Kienle 1998, Bussadori et al 2000, Locatelli et al 2013.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective analysis of co-occurrence of congenital aortic stenosis and pulmonary artery stenosis in dogs

Kander¹,

Pasławska²,

Staszczyk³

et al. 2015

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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The study has focused on the retrospective analysis of cases of coexisting congenital aortic stenosis (AS) and pulmonary artery stenosis (PS) in dogs.The research included 5463 dogs which were referred for cardiological examination (including clinical examination, ECG and echocardiography) between 2004 and 2014. Aortic stenosis and PS stenosis were detected in 31 dogs. This complex defect was the most commonly diagnosed in Boxers -7 dogs, other breeds were represented by: 4 cross-breed dogs, 2 Bichon Maltais, 3 Miniature Pinschers, 2 Bernese Mountain Dogs, 2 French Bulldogs, and individuals of following breeds: Bichon Frise, Bull Terrier, Czech Wolfdog, German Shepherd, Hairless Chinese Crested Dog, Miniature Schnauzer, Pug, Rottweiler, Samoyed, West Highland White Terrier and Yorkshire Terrier. In all the dogs, the murmurs could be heard, graded from 2 to 5 (on a scale of 1-6). Besides, in 9 cases other congenital defects were diagnosed: patent ductus arteriosus, mitral valve dysplasia, pulmonary or aortic valve regurgitation, tricuspid valve dysplasia, ventricular or atrial septal defect. The majority of the dogs suffered from pulmonary valvular stenosis (1 dog had supravalvular pulmonary artery stenosis) and subvalvular aortic stenosis (2 dogs had valvular aortic stenosis).Conclusions and clinical relevance -co-occurrence of AS and PS is the most common complex congenital heart defect. Boxer breed was predisposed to this complex defect. It was found that coexisting AS and PS is more common in male dogs and the degree of PS and AS was mostly similar.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective analysis of co-occurrence of congenital aortic stenosis and pulmonary artery stenosis in dogs

Kander¹,

Pasławska²,

Staszczyk³

et al. 2015

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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“…Treatment with beta‐blockers such as atenolol might also be recommended depending on the severity of PS or the presence of clinical signs, tachyarrhythmias, or dynamic outflow tract obstruction. Assessment of PS severity plays a pivotal role in the clinical management of dogs with PS including, decisions on when to intervene with treatment, judging effectiveness of BV, and prognosis …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echocardiographic evaluation of velocity ratio, velocity time integral ratio, and pulmonary valve area in dogs with pulmonary valve stenosis

Nishimura

Visser

Bélanger

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundVelocity ratio, velocity time integral (VTI) ratio, and pulmonary valve area indexed to body surface area (iPVA) are methods of assessment of pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) severity that are less dependent on blood flow. Studies evaluating these methods are limited.ObjectivesTo determine the effects of butorphanol, atenolol, and balloon valvuloplasty (BV) on velocity ratio, VTI ratio, iPVA, mean PG, and max PG.AnimalsTwenty‐seven dogs with PS (max PG >50 mm Hg).MethodsProspective study. All dogs underwent an echocardiogram at baseline, 5‐minutes after administration of butorphanol (0.2‐0.25 mg/kg IV), and 2‐to‐4 weeks after atenolol (1‐1.5 mg/kg q12h). Twenty‐one of these were evaluated 24‐hours after BV.ResultsThere were no significant differences (P > .05) amongst any of the methods of assessment of PS severity after butorphanol. After atenolol, mean (SD) of mean (57.0 [21.0] mm Hg) and max PG (93.1 [33.8] mm Hg) were significantly decreased (P ≤ .047) compared with baseline (65.2 [26.2] mm Hg and 108 [44.4] mm Hg, respectively). After atenolol, there were no significant (P ≥ .12) differences in velocity ratio (0.29 [0.09]), VTI ratio (0.18 [0.05]), or iPVA (0.43 [0.16] cm2/m2) compared with baseline (0.30 [0.09], 0.19 [0.09], 0.44 [0.17] cm2/m2, respectively).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAtenolol might reduce mean and max PG but does not alter less flow‐dependent methods of assessment of PS severity (velocity ratio, VTI ratio, and iPVA) in dogs with PS. Results support an integrative approach to assessment of PS severity that includes less flow‐dependent methods, particularly in states of altered flow or right ventricular function.

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“…Due to the concomitance of the stenosis with signs of congestive heart failure, and the prolonged time from the appearance of the clinical signs until the animal arrives the hospital, the prognosis became unfavorable, favoring the aggravation of the disease, resulting in the death of the animal [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Animal as a Model in the Repercussion of Pulmonary Stenosis: Analysis by Two-Dimensional Echocardiography and Doppler Mode - Case Report

Rodrigues

Pessoa

Moura

et al. 2017

MOJAP

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Pulmonary stenosis is a congenital disease characterized by narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract. This change results in a resistance to blood flow and, consequently, an increase in the after load, leading to the elevation of systolic pressure of the right ventricle, resulting in concentric hypertrophy. Echocardiographic findings, such as right ventricular diastolic dysfunction, stenosis and pulmonary valve insufficiency, with regurgitant flow observed at color Doppler, were essential for diagnosis. A 5 years old small dog, attended at the Hospital Veterinário Universitário HVU / UFPI, was taken as an animal model to report the hemodynamic changes caused by pulmonary insufficiency and stenosis, in a comparative analysis to the same disease when it occurs in humans. Due to the similarities between hemodynamic findings in pulmonary stenosis of dogs and humans, this species proved to be a good animal model to evaluate the repercussion of this congenital heart disease by Doppler echocardiography IntroductionPulmonary stenosis (PE) is a heart disease characterized by a narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract due to the occurrence of a fibrous ring, which may manifest as congenital or rarely acquired [1]. This change causes resistance to blood flow and an increase in after load, causing elevation of right ventricular systolic pressure, resulting in concentric hypertrophy. Some canine breeds are predisposed to the occurrence of this disease, Case PresentationIt was attended at the Hospital Veterinário Universitário da Universidade Federal do Piauí -HVU/UFPI a female dog, with no defined breed, 5 years old, weighing 4.5 kg. During the anamnesis, the owner reported that the animal presented fatigue, respiratory distress, tachypnea, tachycardia and lethargy. During the clinical examination, the animal was slightly dehydrated, pale mucosa, heart rate of 138 bpm, ascites and tachypnea. At the auscultation, it was identified grade IV / V systolic murmur, focusing on pulmonary valve. Clinical findings were compatible with heart disease.The animal was hospitalized and complementary exams such as, thoracic radiography, electrocardiography, echocardiography, abdominal ultrasonography, hemogram and biochemicals were requested. In the hemogram, no abnormalities were found, whereas in the biochemical, there was a decrease in urea and globulin levels and an increase in creatine kinase. Radiographic examination showed an increase in the cardiac silhouette, with loss of definition of the cardiac apex, globose heart, pleural The treatment with intravenous furosemide (1mg / kg), benazepril (0.5mg / kg) and sildenafil (1mg / kg) was started. However, the patient died five days after the consultation due to the aggravation of the case, and the guardian did not authorize the necropsy examination. DiscussionPulmonary stenosis is one of the most frequent congenital heart diseases that affect dogs, and may occur alone or in association with other conditions, although the patient in question presented pulmonary ...

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Pulmonic stenosis in dogs: survival and risk factors in a retrospective cohort of patients

Abstract: Clinical signs, valve morphology type B and age at diagnosis are risk factors in pulmonic stenosis patients. Pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty is a reasonable treatment choice in dogs with severe pulmonic stenosis.

Cited by 51 publications

References 25 publications

Retrospective analysis of co-occurrence of congenital aortic stenosis and pulmonary artery stenosis in dogs

Retrospective analysis of co-occurrence of congenital aortic stenosis and pulmonary artery stenosis in dogs

Echocardiographic evaluation of velocity ratio, velocity time integral ratio, and pulmonary valve area in dogs with pulmonary valve stenosis

Canine Animal as a Model in the Repercussion of Pulmonary Stenosis: Analysis by Two-Dimensional Echocardiography and Doppler Mode - Case Report

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