Retrospective analysis of co-occurrence of congenital aortic stenosis and pulmonary artery stenosis in dogs

Abstract

The study has focused on the retrospective analysis of cases of coexisting congenital aortic stenosis (AS) and pulmonary artery stenosis (PS) in dogs.The research included 5463 dogs which were referred for cardiological examination (including clinical examination, ECG and echocardiography) between 2004 and 2014. Aortic stenosis and PS stenosis were detected in 31 dogs. This complex defect was the most commonly diagnosed in Boxers -7 dogs, other breeds were represented by: 4 cross-breed dogs, 2 Bichon Maltais, 3 Miniature Pinschers, 2 Bernese Mountain Dogs, 2 French Bulldogs, and individuals of following breeds: Bichon Frise, Bull Terrier, Czech Wolfdog, German Shepherd, Hairless Chinese Crested Dog, Miniature Schnauzer, Pug, Rottweiler, Samoyed, West Highland White Terrier and Yorkshire Terrier. In all the dogs, the murmurs could be heard, graded from 2 to 5 (on a scale of 1-6). Besides, in 9 cases other congenital defects were diagnosed: patent ductus arteriosus, mitral valve dysplasia, pulmonary or aortic valve regurgitation, tricuspid valve dysplasia, ventricular or atrial septal defect. The majority of the dogs suffered from pulmonary valvular stenosis (1 dog had supravalvular pulmonary artery stenosis) and subvalvular aortic stenosis (2 dogs had valvular aortic stenosis).Conclusions and clinical relevance -co-occurrence of AS and PS is the most common complex congenital heart defect. Boxer breed was predisposed to this complex defect. It was found that coexisting AS and PS is more common in male dogs and the degree of PS and AS was mostly similar.

Congenital heart defects in dogs: A retrospective study of 301 dogs

“…The combination of SAS and PS was the most frequent, accounting for 30% of all multiple defects, which confirms previous studies showing the same tendency (4,8,13,21). Kander et al (8) showed a somewhat different breed distribution, with Boxers being affected more often than in this study, in which a variety of breeds were represented (Tab. 7).…”

Medico-legal aspects of congenital heart diseases in buying and selling of pets

“…Congenital cardiac diseases represent a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs <1 year of age [ 14 ]. The defects most commonly reported in dogs and cats are PDA, PS and SAS, ventricular septal defects, tricuspid dysplasia, and TOF [ 15 , 16 ]. The exact prevalence of these abnormalities is difficult to determine because the clinical findings are varied and not easily recognizable.…”

Identification and Clinical Significance of Heart Murmurs in Puppies Involved in Puppy Trade

“…Some dog breeds also show a different incidence of some CHDs [ 17 , 18 ]. A complex defect, or combinations of multiple malformations in the same dog, are possible occurrences [ 19 , 20 ].…”

“…The AS instead presents obstructive lesions to the aortic valvular apparatus; these may include: hypoplastic aortic annulus or thickened leaflets. Similarly, to SAS, AS also causes left ventricle concentric hypertrophy, and post stenotic dilatation of the aorta and aortic valve insufficiency may also be present [ 20 , 40 ]. The heart murmur of SAS or AS is holosystolic, of the “crescendo-decrescendo” type, with a rough timbre, located at the focus of the aortic valve (fourth intercostal space) but can irradiate.…”

“…Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the fourth most common CHD in the canine population, with an incidence between 5 and 14% [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], while the atrial septal defect (ASD) makes up about 1–2% of CHDs in total [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. For ASD, an inherited basis has been supposed, although never verified [ 20 ]. A breed predisposition for boxers, dobermans, old English sheep dogs and Samoyeds has been reported [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 29 ].…”