Pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in Turkish prisons: importance of screening and case finding strategies

Öngen, Gül; Börekçi, Şermin; Içmeli, Özlem Saniye; Birgen, Nur; Karagül, Gülsüm; Akgün, Salih; Kılıçaslan, Zeki; Umut, Sema

doi:10.5578/tt.2773

Cited by 16 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A study conducted in France showed a high prevalence rate of TB at 215/100 000 prisoners [33] and in Turkey the rate was 341/100 000 prisoners [34]. Reports in other prison settings confirmed the overall trend [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. In the USA the rate was 3-11 times higher than in the general population and in Brazil it was 2065/100 000 and 2500/100 000 inmates, which is 70-and 42-fold higher than in the general population.…”

Section: Evidence Of Prevalence Of Tb In Prisonssupporting

confidence: 56%

Review of the prevalence and drug resistance of tuberculosis in prisons: a hidden epidemic

2014

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SUMMARY The prison setting has been often cited as a possible reservoir of tuberculosis (TB) including multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB. This is particularly true in low-income, high TB prevalence countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. A systemic literature review was done to assess the prevalence, drug resistance and risk factors for acquiring TB in the prison population. Our review indicated a high prevalence of TB in prisons which is reported to be 3- to 1000-fold higher than that found in the civilian population, indicating evidence and the need for public health policy formulation. In addition, high levels of MDR and extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB have been reported from prisons, which is a warning call to review prison TB control strategy. Multiple risk factors such as overcrowding, poor ventilation, malnutrition, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and others have fuelled the spread of TB in prisons. Furthermore, the impact extends beyond the prison walls; it affects the civilian population, because family visits, prison staff, and members of the judiciary system could be potential portals of exit for TB transmission. The health of prisoners is a neglected political and scientific issue. Within these background conditions, it is suggested that political leaders and scientific communities should work together and give special attention to the control of TB and MDR-TB in prisons. If not, TB in prisons will remain a neglected global problem and threatens national and international TB control programmes. Further researches are required on the prevalence and drug resistance of smear-negative TB in prisons. In addition, evidence of the circulating strains and transmission dynamics inside prisons is also warranted.

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Section: Evidence Of Prevalence Of Tb In Prisonssupporting

confidence: 56%

Review of the prevalence and drug resistance of tuberculosis in prisons: a hidden epidemic

2014

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“…Albeit, the vast majority of prisons worldwide have not implemented programs for this situation. Vinkeles Melchers et al showed that approximately 21% of those studies reflected the lack of healthcare programs in prisons [33], which allows for an easier transmission between inmates, prison workers, visitors, and general population [28,34]. This is a critical problem since outbreaks in prisons have been associated with the increase of TB in the community [30].…”

Section: Tuberculous Infection (Arti) In Prisoners Was Higher Than Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative latent tuberculosis at time of incarceration: identifying a very high-risk group for infection

et al. 2017

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The main aim was to measure the incidence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and identify risk factors associated with infection. In addition, we determined the number needed to screen (NNS) to identify LTBI and active tuberculosis. We followed 129 prisoners for 2 years following a negative two-step tuberculin skin test (TST). The cumulative incidence of TST conversion over 2 years was 29·5% (38/129), among the new TST converters, nine developed active TB. Among persons with no evidence of LTBI, the NNS to identify a LTBI case was 3·4 and an active TB case was 14·3. The adjusted risk factors for LTBI conversion were incarceration in prison number 1, being formerly incarcerated, and overweight. In conclusion, prisoners have higher risk of LTBI acquisition compared with high-risk groups, such as HIV-infected individuals and children for whom LTBI testing should be performed according to World Health Organization guidance. The high conversion rate is associated with high incidence of active TB disease, and therefore we recommend mandatory LTBI screening at the time of prison entry. Individuals with a negative TST at the time of entry to prison are at high risk of acquiring infection, and should therefore be followed in order to detect convertors and offer LTBI treatment. This approach has a very low NNS for each identified case, and it can be utilized to decrease development of active TB disease and transmission.

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“…This connection causes TB to be one of the major diseases associated with poverty. 7,8 The following categories of people are at high risk of TB infection: individuals who take injectable opioid substances, residents, workers and employees of the places where vulnerable individuals gather (including prisons and special shelters for homeless individuals), poor individuals who are deprived of suitable medical care, highrisk ethnic minorities, children in close contact with high-risk individuals, and healthcare providers who serve these individuals. [9][10][11][12] This study was conducted using library methods and the main sources used in the study included the reports by the WHO, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the World Bank Group (WBG), and the information available on the database and studies regarding the selected countries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative assessment of the condition of tuberculosis in countries of Iran, Turkey, Germany, Egypt, and Malaysia, 2018

derikvand¹,

Khiavi²,

derikvand³

et al. 2018

J Anal Res Clin Med

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a global emergency. This study was conducted to determine the status of TB in selected countries. This comparative study was conducted in 5 countries. The values for the indicators of each country were extracted from the World Health Organization (WHO) Profile and 2015 World Population Data Sheet. Among the selected countries, the highest and lowest incidence rates of TB were related to Malaysia and Germany, respectively. Regarding the improved index of patients undergoing treatment, Iran and Germany had the highest and lowest improvement rates, respectively. To achieve the End of Tuberculosis Epidemic (END-TB 2035), it is necessary to increase the number of activities aimed at increasing the detection, diagnosis, and effective treatment of disease by implementing strategies (Dots) in order to improve the success rate of treatment, as well as reduce the incidence of cases of resistance to treatment. Moreover, it is necessary to make interventions to improve living conditions and social welfare, support poor people in the community, and improve the status of prisons in the country.

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Pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in Turkish prisons: importance of screening and case finding strategies

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Review of the prevalence and drug resistance of tuberculosis in prisons: a hidden epidemic

Review of the prevalence and drug resistance of tuberculosis in prisons: a hidden epidemic

Negative latent tuberculosis at time of incarceration: identifying a very high-risk group for infection

Comparative assessment of the condition of tuberculosis in countries of Iran, Turkey, Germany, Egypt, and Malaysia, 2018

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