Review of the prevalence and drug resistance of tuberculosis in prisons: a hidden epidemic

Biadglegne, Fantahun; Rodloff, Arne C.; Sack, Ulrich

doi:10.1017/s095026881400288x

Cited by 55 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Overcrowding, poor sanitation, inadequate ventilation, the relatively high prevalence of HIV, and the insufficiency of basic services all contribute to TB transmission in prison. 232 The significant representation in prisons in many countries of people with HIV, PWUD, people living in poverty, and formerly incarcerated people means that many people in custodial settings have been exposed to TB before they are incarcerated. 144 Biadglegne and colleagues in 2015 indicated sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Europe and Central Asia as the regions of greatest concern for TB transmission in prison, though data from Africa are sparse.…”

Section: Drug-related Incarceration and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…144 Biadglegne and colleagues in 2015 indicated sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Europe and Central Asia as the regions of greatest concern for TB transmission in prison, though data from Africa are sparse. 232 Central Asia has the highest estimated prevalence of TB and MDR-TB of any region. 147 A widely cited study by Stückler and colleagues estimated that in Eastern Europe and Central Asia from 1991 to 2002, increases in the rate of incarceration accounted for about 60% of the increase in TB in the general population.…”

Section: Drug-related Incarceration and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…146 A 2015 review of MDR-TB in prison found, for example, about 19% of all TB patients in Thai prisons were classified as MDR-TB, 13–55% in the Russian Federation, 52% in Azerbaijan, and almost 10% in Zambia. 232 One study in the Russian Federation found XDR-TB cases to be 11% of TB patients tested in the prison. 232 …”

Section: Drug-related Incarceration and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public health and international drug policy

et al. 2016

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Executive summary In September 2015, the member states of the United Nations endorsed sustainable development goals (SDG) for 2030 that aspire to human rights-centered approaches to ensuring the health and well-being of all people. The SDGs embody both the UN Charter values of rights and justice for all and the responsibility of states to rely on the best scientific evidence as they seek to better humankind. In April 2016, these same states will consider control of illicit drugs, an area of social policy that has been fraught with controversy, seen as inconsistent with human rights norms, and for which scientific evidence and public health approaches have arguably played too limited a role. The previous UN General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) on drugs in 1998 – convened under the theme “a drug-free world, we can do it!” – endorsed drug control policies based on the goal of prohibiting all use, possession, production, and trafficking of illicit drugs. This goal is enshrined in national law in many countries. In pronouncing drugs a “grave threat to the health and well-being of all mankind,” the 1998 UNGASS echoed the foundational 1961 convention of the international drug control regime, which justified eliminating the “evil” of drugs in the name of “the health and welfare of mankind.” But neither of these international agreements refers to the ways in which pursuing drug prohibition itself might affect public health. The “war on drugs” and “zero-tolerance” policies that grew out of the prohibitionist consensus are now being challenged on multiple fronts, including their health, human rights, and development impact. The Johns Hopkins – Lancet Commission on Drug Policy and Health has sought to examine the emerging scientific evidence on public health issues arising from drug control policy and to inform and encourage a central focus on public health evidence and outcomes in drug policy debates, such as the important deliberations of the 2016 UNGASS on drugs. The Johns Hopkins-Lancet Commission is concerned that drug policies are often colored by ideas about drug use and drug dependence that are not scientifically grounded. The 1998 UNGASS declaration, for example, like the UN drug conventions and many national drug laws, does not distinguish between drug use and drug abuse. A 2015 report by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, by contrast, found it important to emphasize that “[d]rug use is neither a medical condition nor does it necessarily lead to drug dependence.” The idea that all drug use is dangerous and evil has led to enforcement-heavy policies and has made it difficult to see potentially dangerous drugs in the same light as potentially dangerous foods, tobacco, alcohol for which the goal of social policy is to reduce potential harms. Health impact of drug policy based on enforcement of prohibition The pursuit of drug prohibition has generated a parallel economy run by criminal networks. Both these networks, which resort to violence to protect their markets, and the police and sometimes military ...

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Section: Drug-related Incarceration and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drug-related Incarceration and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drug-related Incarceration and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public health and international drug policy

et al. 2016

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“…TB is considered as one of the most common cause of death in prisons of developing countries (2). TB prevention will be possible by well-timed detection and caring for patients with TB among prisoners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Tuberculosis Incidence in a Prison with the Society, Tehran, Iran

SeyedAlinaghi¹,

Farhoudi²,

Najafi³

et al. 2018

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Objectives: We conducted this study to compare the tuberculosis (TB) incidence in an Iranian prison with the society in Iran. Methods: In this present study, we investigated the incidence of TB among prisoners versus the society by an age range of 23 to 49 years. We used an active case finding (ACF) strategy as a screening method to find TB suspected prisoners in the Great Tehran Prison from October 2013 to May 2014. Results: In the total of 5865 prisoners, only nine patients were diagnosed with TB while 2263 out of 4503516 individuals of the society had TB in this period of time. Statistical analyses showed that out of 100,000 people there were 153.5 patients detected in the prison and 5.02 patients in the society. Therefore, the incidence of TB in the prison was significantly more than the society (P < 0.0001). The ratio of TB incidence in the prison to the society was 30.6 (95% CI: 16 -58). Conclusions:The incidence of TB in prisons is significantly more than society. Thus, TB management needs providing preventive measures such as intensifying case findings in prisons.

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“…In fact, the current efforts to control of TB have been threatened by the increase of TB cases with drug resistance strains (BIADGLEGNE et al, 2015;Daley and Horsburgh, 2014;Diel et al, 2014;Frieden et al, 2014;Murray et al, 2014;Sotgiu et al, 2015;Strehl, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An <em>In Silico</em> Study of a Novel rpoB Insertion in a Cluster of Clinical Strains of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> Highly-Rifampicin Resistant

Mlr¹,

Pa²,

Maschmann³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Rifampicin is one of the most important chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis clinical strains resistant to rifampicin harbor mainly mutation in an 81-base pair region of rpoB. These mutations mainly consist of single amino acid substitutions. However insertions also can be related with rifampicin resistance strains. Herein, we described an insertion of 12 nucleotides in clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis resistant to rifampicin, all obtained from inmates. To evaluate the importance this insertion in surviving and drug resistance, it were carried out fitness experimental assays as well as in silico studies of 3D structural models, molecular docking simulations and virtual screening. The medical records of the seven patients showed all were previously treated to tuberculosis. Growth curves shown that the insertion determines a biological cost when compared to wild type rpoB and katG; or the double mutated rpoB S531L and katG S315T. From docking and molecular dynamics simulations it can be inferred that the insertion does not affect the process of synthesis of RNA transcripts. On the other hand, in the mutant RNAP-RIF complex rifampicin confirmed a low affinity interaction for the mutant form. Interesting, virtual screening for potential inhibitors for wtRNAP and mRNAP using a library of 1446 compounds approved by the FDA showed that the best ligands were mainly compounds with antibiotic activity, although the targets involved in the pharmacological action are other than RNAP. In conclusion, seven strains of M. tuberculosis RIF resistant that present an insertion of four amino acids in RNA polymerase showed by growth curve assays, a biological cost. Further, bioinformatics tools had characterized the putative drug resistance dynamic as well as the maintenance of RNA polymerase activity.Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted:

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Review of the prevalence and drug resistance of tuberculosis in prisons: a hidden epidemic

Cited by 55 publications

References 55 publications

Public health and international drug policy

Public health and international drug policy

Comparing Tuberculosis Incidence in a Prison with the Society, Tehran, Iran

An <em>In Silico</em> Study of a Novel rpoB Insertion in a Cluster of Clinical Strains of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> Highly-Rifampicin Resistant

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