Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Associated Factors Among Diabetic Patients Attending Hawassa Adare Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Abstract

Background:Developing countries have a high burden of Tuberculosis (TB); although it is considered as a disease of the past in most developed countries. The end TB strategy was predicted to stabilize or drop the incidence of TB. However, the rising of the prevalence of immune-related diseases like Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are challenging the TB control strategy in high TB burden region. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of pulmonary tuberculosis in DM patients attending Adare Hospital, south Ethiopia.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out on 207 randomly selected diabetic patients at the Adare hospital. A structured pre-tested questionnaire was used during the data collection from participants. Sputum concentration technique followed by Ziehl-Neelsen staining method was used to examine pulmonary tuberculosis. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between various variables and pulmonary tuberculosis. Odds ratios and 95% CI were computed to determine the strength and presence of the association.Results:The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among diabetics was 5.3% [95% CI: (2.2, 8.4)]. Diabetic patients who were underweight [AOR = 9.94, 95% CI: (1.51-80.89)], had more than 10 years duration with DM [AOR = 7.03 95% CI: (1.357, 73.6)], Alcohol drinking habit [AOR = 12.49, 95% CI: (3.28, 77.94)], and history of contact with TB [AOR = 5.35, 95% CI: (1.1-39.12)] were the factors positively associated with pulmonary TB infection while being HIV seronegative had a negative association with pulmonary TB infection [AOR =0.074, 95% CI: (0.001-0.29)].Conclusion:High proportion of pulmonary TB was observed in diabetic patients as compared to the national estimated prevalence of TB in the total population. Duration of patient with DM, being underweight, alcohol consumption habit, and contact history with TB were positively associated with pulmonary TB infection while being HIV seronegative had a negative association with the infection in diabetic patients.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis Prevalence and Associated Factors Among Adult Patients Visiting Finchwa Health Center, West Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia

“…The study revealed that the prevalence of TB and DM comorbidity was 27.3%. This result was higher than studies conducted in South Africa (3.0% [28], Debre Tabor General Hospital (2.71% [29], Hawassa (5.3% [30], Addis Ababa (7.1% [26], and Dessie (6.2% [31]). The higher PTB and DM comorbidity in the study area may be due to lower regular monitoring of DM, a TB prevention programme, the immunity status of the patients, and financial constraints.…”

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus, Human Immune Deficiency Virus and Associated Risk Factors Among Individuals with Presumptive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Attending at Saint Peter’s Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…This finding is higher than previous studies done 5.3% in Ethiopia from Hawassa by Abera et al, 2018. 34 This could be because our study site is a referral site for Tuberculosis-related cases highly TB suspected individuals might include in our study. However, this finding is lower than 15.11% studies in Government hospitals in Addis Ababa by Gebrecherkos et al, 2019.…”

Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Case-Control Study in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia

“…The previous study concluded a common knowledge that the longer duration of DM tends to get TB than the shorter 27 . The immunity of the DM patient is more compromised, particularly for long duration DM as a result of micro-and macro-vascular complications as well as the treatment tolerance of the disease 28 . Indeed much is known about the duration of the DM implying the complication and severity of the diseases as well as the terminal outcome, either in the general complication or especially in the TB occurrence [29][30][31] .The present study did not provide evidence of a longer duration of DM as a risk factor for pulmonary TB, because of the interaction of household contact (OR=63.3) as the most influential factor.…”