Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Male Inmates in the Largest Prison of Eastern Nepal

Shrestha, Gambhir; Yadav, Deepak; Gautam, Rabin; Mulmi, Rashmi; Baral, Dharanidhar; Pokharel, Paras Kumar

doi:10.1155/2019/3176167

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(28 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…According to the results of the current systematic review and meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of tuberculosis among prisoners in sub-Saharan Africa was 4.02% (95% CI: 2.68–5.36). This finding is consistent with findings from Tajikistan 4.5% ( 54 ), South Africa 2.7% ( 51 ), and Ethiopia (4.0%) ( 55 ). This could be attributed to the similarity in tuberculosis diagnostic methods used in the incarcerated population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, the pooled prevalence of tuberculosis in this systematic review and meta-analysis was lower than that in an Ethiopian systematic review and meta-analysis (8.33%) (2). Furthermore, it was lower than that in studies conducted in Brazil 27.8% ( 56 ), Malaysia 7.7% ( 57 ), Nepal 10% ( 55 ), Iran 7.9% ( 58 ), South Africa (8.8%) ( 11 ), and Zambia (6.4%) ( 26 ). The lower prevalence found in this study could be attributed to differences in geographical location and the number of rooms with prisoners with poor ventilation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence of tuberculosis among prisoners in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sisay Asgedom,

Ambaw Kassie,

Melaku Kebede

2023

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is a key community health problem in numerous settings, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). TB is the second most lethal infectious disease worldwide. Around 1.6 million people died from TB in 2021. TB prevention and control strategies are difficult to implement in prison, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, owing to overcrowding and poor ventilation. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the estimated pooled prevalence of tuberculosis among prisoners in sub-Saharan Africa.Materials and methodsElectronic biomedical databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Science Direct were used to systematically explore candidate studies published until December 2022. Data extraction was performed using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The estimated pooled prevalence of tuberculosis was determined using a fixed-effects model. Cochrane Q-test and I2 statistics were used to check heterogeneity statistically across different studies. Begg’s rank and Egger’s tests were performed to assess evidence of possible publication bias.ResultsA total of 40 articles involving 59,300 prisoners were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of tuberculosis was 4.02% (95% CI: 2.68–5.36). We found the highest prevalence using Gene X pert as a diagnostic method, which was 4.97 (95% CI: 2.22–7.73). There is no evidence of publication bias.ConclusionThe outcome of this review revealed a high prevalence of tuberculosis among prisoners in sub-Saharan Africa. To reach the “End Tuberculosis strategy” by 2030, early identification of cases through screening on entry and periodical active case finding is important. Moreover, prevention and prompt treatment after diagnosis must be implemented to limit transmission to the general population.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#searchadvanced, identifier (CRD42023428933).

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Prevalence of tuberculosis among prisoners in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sisay Asgedom,

Ambaw Kassie,

Melaku Kebede

2023

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Forty-seven articles were fully evaluated for inclusion and exclusion based on the study eligibility criteria. We removed 10 articles due to population and outcome of interest differences such as Indonesia [ 28 ], sub-Saharan Africa [ 5 , 29 ], Ethiopia [ 30 ], Malaysia [ 9 ], Nepal [ 31 ], Brazil [ 32 ], Southwest Iran [ 33 ], Portugal [ 34 ], and Uganda [ 35 ]. Finally, 37 studies with a total of 72,844 prisoners met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final systematic review and meta-analysis ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Predictors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Prison Inmates in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mera,

Wagnew,

Akelew

et al. 2023

Tuberculosis Research and Treatment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction. Prisoners in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are at a high risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection due to overcrowding and poor ventilation. Consequently, TB is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in prison, and many inmates face a number of barriers to TB control and had limited information in the region. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the overall pooled prevalence of pulmonary TB and predictors among prison inmates in SSA. Methods. From 2006 to 2019, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using various databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. The data were extracted in Microsoft Excel using a standardized data extraction format, and the analysis was carried out with STATA version 14. To detect heterogeneity across studies, the I 2 and the Cochrane Q test statistics were computed. To determine the overall prevalence of TB and predictors among prison populations, a random effect meta-analysis model was used. Results. Of the 3,479 retrieved articles, 37studies comprising 72,844 inmates met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of pulmonary TB among prison inmates in SSA was 7.74% (95% CI: 6.46-8.47). In the subgroup analysis, the highest prevalence was found in the Democratic Republic Congo (DRC) (19.72%) followed by Zambia (11.68%) and then Ethiopia (9.22%). TB/HIV coinfection (OR 4.99 (95% CI: 2.60-9.58)), Body mass index ( BMI < 18.5 ) (OR 3.62 (95% CI: 2.65-6.49)), incarceration (OR 4.52 (95% CI: 2.31-5.68)), and previous TB exposure (OR 2.43 (95% CI: 1.61-3.56)) had higher odds of pulmonary TB among inmates. Conclusion. The prevalence of pulmonary TB among SSA prison inmates was found to be high as compared to total population. TB/HIV coinfection, BMI, incarceration duration, and TB exposure were all predictors with pulmonary tuberculosis in prison inmates. As a result, emphasizing early screening for prisoners at risk of pulmonary TB is an important point to achieving global TB commitments in resource-limited settings.

show abstract

“…J. Med. Health Sci.7(1): 172–175 12 Medium Pakistan [ 35 ] Öngen G, Börekçi S, İçmeli OS et al 2013, Tuberk Toraks, 61(1): 21–27 14 Medium Turkey [ 36 ] Chiang CY, Hsu PK, Suo J et al2002, J Formos Med Assoc, 101(80): 537–541 13 Medium Taiwan [ 37 ] Shrestha G, Yadav DK. Gautam R et al 2019, Tuberc Res Treat: 3,176,167 14 Medium Nepal [ 38 ] Salazar-De La Cuba et.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of TB in prisoners: a metanalysis of the prevalence of active and latent TB

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Tuberculosis (TB) in prisons usually occurs at higher rates than in the general population, especially in developing countries. TB has been reported as the most common cause of death among prisoners. Studies have shown limitations for early detection of TB in prisons that seem to result from mistaken concepts about TB, delayed diagnosis mainly due to the naturalization of lack of healthcare for this population Methods A scoping review was performed using the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute to assess “What are the scientific evidences on the epidemiology of TB in the prison system?”. Then, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the prevalence of TB (active and latent) TB in prisoners. The results are presented as prevalence, in percentage, through random effects models, with a confidence interval of 95%. Results Regarding active TB, the results of the metanalysis showed that countries with a high burden of TB had a prevalence of 3.54% [2.71; 4.63], countries not considered to be high burden TB countries had a prevalence of 1.43% [0.86; 2.37]. Latent TB had a prevalence of 51.61% [39.46; 63.58] in high TB burden countries and a prevalence of 40.24% [23.51; 59.61] in countries with low TB burden. In terms of development, in low- and lower-middle-income countries, the prevalence of active TB was 3.13% [1.84; 5.29] and in high- and upper-middle income countries the prevalence was 2.25% [1.70; 2.99]. The prevalence of latent TB in high- and middle-income countries was 43.77% [28.61; 60.18] and of 49.42% [45.91; 52.94] in low and lower middle-income countries. Conclusion Our analysis suggests that TB, and probably other infectious diseases, find fertile ground in prisons where previous acquire social disadvantages seem to thrive—therefore, TB in prisons is a global public health problem and effective strategies are needed to control the disease are needed targeting the prison environment, including rapid health assessments to understand each context and to implement tailored and precision interventions.

show abstract

Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Male Inmates in the Largest Prison of Eastern Nepal

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Prevalence of tuberculosis among prisoners in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of tuberculosis among prisoners in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence and Predictors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Prison Inmates in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Epidemiology of TB in prisoners: a metanalysis of the prevalence of active and latent TB

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About