IntroduçãoO envelhecimento da população é um fenômeno que vem aumentando mundialmente. Estima-se que em 2050 existirão, no mundo, mais de dois bilhões de pessoas com mais de 60 anos, com projeções de 28 milhões de idosos no Brasil em 2020 (1) . O processo de envelhecer saudável, denominado de senescência, preserva as funções cognitivas, pessoais e de relação do indiví-duo, podendo ser satisfatório/bem sucedido ou usual com prejuízos, porém com capacidade de melhorar as perdas funcionais. A senilidade é caracterizada por um processo patológico (2) . O envelhecimento é influenciado por múltiplos fatores, tais como: Resumo Introdução: Durante o período de hospitalização, o idoso enfrenta alterações consideráveis em sua capacidade funcional. Apresenta--se dependente na realização das Atividades de Vida Diária como consequência deste momento de fragilidade; isto é, quando é retirado de seu meio de convívio familiar e social e transferido para um ambiente estranho. Objetivo: Identificar em pacientes idosos reinternados, a condição motora atual, a realização das Atividades de Vida Diária durante a internação e a deambulação antes da internação. Casuística e Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, realizada com 46 pacientes idosos reinternados em um hospital da cidade de São José do Rio Preto, SP. Os dados foram coletados, em junho de 2014, após a aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição, por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada, contendo questões de identificação e quanto à realização das Atividades de Vida Diária e deambulação. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 70,9±7,5; 54% eram predominantemente do gênero masculino, 74% procedentes de outros municípios e 59% com ensino fundamental incompleto. Em relação à condição motora atual 19,6% são acamados; na realização das Atividades de Vida Diária 26% são dependentes e 19,6% não deambulavam antes da internação. Conclusão: Os resultados apontam a existência de pacientes acamados e dependentes durante o período de reinternação. Esta situação ocorre, pois os cuidadores acreditam erroneamente que o repouso no leito e a imobilização é a melhor forma de recuperação. Verifica-se a necessidade de um atendimento diferenciado à população idosa junto de uma equipe multiprofissional para o cuidado integral do idoso.Descritores: Idoso; Hospitalização; Terapia Ocupacional. Abstract Introduction:The aged, during hospitalization, faces considerable changes in their functional capacity. He/She is not able to perform some Activities of Daily Life because of this moment of weakness he/she is experiencing. This happens when he/she is withdrawn from both the family and social environment, and he/she is transferred to this strange environment. Objective: The aims of the present study are to identify the current motor function in hospital readmission of elderly patients, as well as their performance on Activities of Daily Life during hospitalization and their ambulation before hospital admission. Patients and Methods: This is a quantitative research ...

Objective: to analyze Therapeutic Follow-Up (TF) and Network Intervention (NI) as devices for social network/Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS - Centro de Atenção Psicossocial) user staff construction. Method: an ethnographic study. Data collection instruments were participant observation, field diary, semi-structured interviews and Sluzki’s Minimal Map of Relationships. The research site was at a CAPS II of the city of São Paulo. Participants were CAPS user, their family network, professionals and other users. Data analysis took place through Minayo’s thematic content analysis framework and Sluzki’s personal maps. Results: TF and NI led to greater social participation, autonomy and reorganization of family roles and treatment in CAPS. Conclusion: the TF associated with NI was potent in strengthening the user’s personal/social network and in including them in community activities.

Objective: To identify, describe, differentiate and qualify the instruments used to evaluate depression and also identify the percentage and average rates of depression in people with spinal cord injury. Method: This is a systematic review of the literature implementing a qualitative approach. SciELO, LILACS, PubMed and PsycINFO databases were consulted. Original articles were classified according to the variables (Spinal Cord Injury, Depression and Assessment instruments). The studies are presented according to the instruments in recent publications in the past 11 years. Results: Five evaluation instruments were found. PHQ-9, a screening instrument for diagnosing depression was used in most studies, with all being performed in the United States and having a higher impact factor and number of participants. Studies with PHQ-9 presented a total score of people who met the criteria for depression without grading by severity with an average of 17.6% ± 7.3%, while BDI presented 51.6% ± 15.1% and the HADS showed 37.5% ± 31% of people with some degree of depression. Conclusion: This study was important in identifying which instruments can be used to assess depression, the description of each, some of their differences, which ones are used in the best studies and o the depression rates in different parts of the world. It was also important to show how the PHQ-9 is an important instrument, but is limited to being used in the USA.

Background Tuberculosis (TB) in prisons usually occurs at higher rates than in the general population, especially in developing countries. TB has been reported as the most common cause of death among prisoners. Studies have shown limitations for early detection of TB in prisons that seem to result from mistaken concepts about TB, delayed diagnosis mainly due to the naturalization of lack of healthcare for this population Methods A scoping review was performed using the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute to assess “What are the scientific evidences on the epidemiology of TB in the prison system?”. Then, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the prevalence of TB (active and latent) TB in prisoners. The results are presented as prevalence, in percentage, through random effects models, with a confidence interval of 95%. Results Regarding active TB, the results of the metanalysis showed that countries with a high burden of TB had a prevalence of 3.54% [2.71; 4.63], countries not considered to be high burden TB countries had a prevalence of 1.43% [0.86; 2.37]. Latent TB had a prevalence of 51.61% [39.46; 63.58] in high TB burden countries and a prevalence of 40.24% [23.51; 59.61] in countries with low TB burden. In terms of development, in low- and lower-middle-income countries, the prevalence of active TB was 3.13% [1.84; 5.29] and in high- and upper-middle income countries the prevalence was 2.25% [1.70; 2.99]. The prevalence of latent TB in high- and middle-income countries was 43.77% [28.61; 60.18] and of 49.42% [45.91; 52.94] in low and lower middle-income countries. Conclusion Our analysis suggests that TB, and probably other infectious diseases, find fertile ground in prisons where previous acquire social disadvantages seem to thrive—therefore, TB in prisons is a global public health problem and effective strategies are needed to control the disease are needed targeting the prison environment, including rapid health assessments to understand each context and to implement tailored and precision interventions.

A stroke is considered a disease of great social impact that causes major disruptions such as job loss, decreased income, and changes in occupational roles; it can become a serious family problem. Objective: To analyze the changes in work and family caused by hemiparesis in patients who have experienced a stroke. Methods: This is a quantitative study involving 30 patients with hemiparesis due to stroke in the Hospital de Base of São José do Rio Preto. The instruments used were the identification form containing their name, age, gender, and current and previous occupation, among other things, along with a questionnaire adapted by the Occupational Therapy service with ten closed questions where the participant could respond either "yes" or "no." Results: The research showed that before having the stroke, 87% of the participants were working and receiving a salary, and after the stroke none had any paid activity. The family relationships of those impaired for a longer time suffered more than of those who were impaired for a shorter time. Conclusion: This study found that patients with hemiparesis due to stroke may undergo changes in industrial, socioeconomic, and family relationships. This data is relevant so that health professionals can assist the return of these subjects to occupational activities after a stroke.

Purpose: Disability is a global health and a global development concern. To address both issues, a community-based rehabilitation (CBR) approach is increasingly recommended to meet a spectrum of needs, especially for people with disabilities. It is first necessary to understand the perceptions of local, frontline providers, in order to design effective measures for implementing CBR programmes. This paper aimed to understand the conceptions of Primary Healthcare Providers (PHPs) - serving a sub-urban, socially-vulnerable territory in Brazil - about: 1) disability, 2) rehabilitation, and 3) the possible local implementation of a CBR strategy, including any anticipated barriers.Method: Cross-sectional, exploratory qualitative research was based on focus groups conducted between 2013 and 2016. It involved a total of 78 PHPs serving the western region of the Ribeirão Preto municipality in São Paulo, Brazil. Data analysis was based on Habermas’ critical hermeneutics approach.Results: PHPs understood disability mostly within the biomedical paradigm. Similarly, the predominant conception of rehabilitation was focussed on enabling individuals’ capacity, more than their environment. For local CBR implementation, the barriers that were anticipated were: 1) difficulties in managing and running action across sectors, and 2) the broader socio-political environment that hardly empowers civil society and is affected by power differentials.Conclusion and Implications: While local PHPs identified important CBR implementation barriers which are contextual in nature, the predominant conceptions of disability and rehabilitation (i.e., biomedical, impairments-based) also act as a barrier. Contextual and cognitive barriers must both be addressed when envisioning a local CBR implementation.

No abstract

RESUMO PLACERES, A.F. A relação entre ansiedade e depressão e a perda dos papéis ocupacionais de pacientes com lesão medular. 2018. 153p. Dissertação