Pulmonary Toxoplasmosis, a Rare but Severe Manifestation of a Common Opportunistic Infection in Late HIV Presenters: Report of Two Cases

Kovari, Helen; Ebnöther, Corina; Schweiger, A.; Berther, N.; Küster, Herbert; Günthard, Huldrych F.

doi:10.1007/s15010-009-9367-5

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…It is of interest, that disseminated toxoplasmosis with sepsis has also been found in AIDS patients and should be considered in patients with sepsis of unknown origin (Artigas et al, 1994). ECT has also been diagnosed in the heart (Guerot et al, 1995;Chimenti et al, 2007), lung (Touboul et al, 1986;Kovari et al, 2010), liver (Mastroianni et al, 1996), and spinal cord (Harris et al, 1990;Kung et al, 2011). ECT has a low incidence in AIDS patients.…”

Section: Extracerebral Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS Patients - A Living Legacy

Nissapatorn¹

2011

Microbes, Viruses and Parasites in AIDS Process

124

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Section: Extracerebral Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS Patients - A Living Legacy

Nissapatorn¹

2011

Microbes, Viruses and Parasites in AIDS Process

124

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“…Additionally, animals with toxoplasmic pneumonia have also been reported in a large number of studies [18]–[21]. However, little attention has been focused on this disease, due to the difficulties of diagnosis, leading to the reporting of relatively few cases [6], [22]. It has been recognized that the lungs are one of the most susceptible organs (following the CNS) to T. gondii infection [23] and there are considerable concerns especially when considering lung transplantation [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Higher Expression of Arginase in Rat Alveolar Macrophages Are Linked to Their Susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii Infection

Zhao¹,

Zhang²,

Wei³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Rats are naturally resistant to Toxoplasma gondii infection, particularly the RH strain, while mice are not. Previous studies have demonstrated that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase-1 of rodent peritoneal macrophages are linked to the mechanism of resistance. As an increasing number of studies on human and animal infections are showing that pulmonary toxoplasmosis is one of the most severe clinical signs from T. gondii infection, we are interested to know whether T. gondii infection in alveolar macrophages of rats is also linked to the levels of iNOS and arginase-1 activity. Our results demonstrate that T. gondii could grow and proliferate in rat alveolar macrophages, both in vitro and in vivo, at levels higher than resistant rat peritoneal macrophages and at comparable levels to sensitive mouse peritoneal macrophages. Lower activity and expression levels of iNOS and higher activity and expression levels of arginase-1 in rat alveolar macrophages were found to be linked to the susceptibility of T. gondii infection in these cells. These novel findings could aid a better understanding of the pathogenesis of clinical pulmonary toxoplasmosis in humans and domestic animals.

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“…Kovari and colleagues published two cases in 2010 with unknown HIV status and pulmonary toxoplasmosis in Switzerland, one patients with ARDS and the second with productive cough. [ 9 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary toxoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in the era of antiretroviral therapy

et al. 2016

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Toxoplasmosis is a severe opportunistic infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The lung is a major site of infection after the central nervous system. In this report we described two cases of pneumonia due to Toxoplasma gondii infection in HIV patients with antiretroviral therapy. Clinical and radiological abnormalities are not specific. Pulmonary toxoplasmosis should be considered in HIV-infected patients with late stage of HIV, CD4 count less than 100 cells/µl and a poor adherence to HAART.

show abstract

Pulmonary Toxoplasmosis, a Rare but Severe Manifestation of a Common Opportunistic Infection in Late HIV Presenters: Report of Two Cases

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS Patients - A Living Legacy

Toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS Patients - A Living Legacy

Lower Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Higher Expression of Arginase in Rat Alveolar Macrophages Are Linked to Their Susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii Infection

Pulmonary toxoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in the era of antiretroviral therapy

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