Pulmonary Mycoplasmosis in Farmed White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Dyer, Neil W.; Krogh, D. F.; Schaan, Lynn

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-40.2.366

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…21 More recently, pulmonary mycoplasmosis caused by Mycoplasma bovis in farmed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has been reported. 3 Transmission of Mycoplasma conjunctivae from sheep to chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) was also documented in Switzerland. 2 In this report, we document for the first time an outbreak of CCPP in captive wild goat (Capra aegagrus), Nubian ibex (Capra ibex nubiana), Laristan mouflon (Ovis orientalis laristanica), and gerenuk (Litocranius walleri) at the Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation (AWWP) in the State of Qatar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia Outbreak in Captive Wild Ungulates at Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation, State of Qatar

Arif¹,

Schulz²,

Thiaucourt³

et al. 2007

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae is a highly contagious and serious respiratory disease of domestic goats, characterized by coughing, severe respiratory distress, and high mortality rates. The lesions at necropsy are mainly a fibrinous pleuropneumonia with increased straw-colored pleural fluid. An outbreak of CCPP in wild goat (Capra aegagrus), Nubian ibex (Capra ibex nubiana), Laristan mouflon (Ovis orientalis laristanica), and gerenuk (Litocranius walleri) occurred at Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation in the State of Qatar. The disease was suspected because of the clinical symptoms and the necropsy findings and was confirmed by the isolation and identification of the causative organism. This new finding indicates that CCPP should be considered a potential threat to wildlife and the conservation of endangered ruminant species, especially in the Middle East, where it is enzootic because of its presence in chronic carriers. Susceptible imported animals should be quarantined and vaccinated. The preferred samples for diagnosis are the pleural fluid, which contains high numbers of Mycoplasma, and sections of hepatized lung, preferably at the interface of normal and diseased tissues. Samples must be shipped to diagnostic laboratories rapidly, and appropriate cool conditions must be maintained during shipping.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia Outbreak in Captive Wild Ungulates at Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation, State of Qatar

Arif¹,

Schulz²,

Thiaucourt³

et al. 2007

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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“…Buffaloes (Marouf, Mohamed, & EL‐Jakee, ) and bison (Dyer, Hansen‐Lardy, Krogh, Schaan, & Schamber, ) may become infected or act as carriers of M. bovis , with reports in sheep and goats (Kumar, Verma, Gangwar, & Rahal, ), swine (Spergser, Macher, Kargl, Lysnyansky, & Rosengarten, ), deer (Dyer, Krogh, & Schaan, ) and chickens (Ongor et al., ). Diagnosis in sheep and goats is complicated by the biochemical and genetic similarity of M. bovis with Mycoplasma agalactiae , the latter causing contagious agalactia, a notifiable disease to the Office International Epizooties (OIE) World Organisation for Animal Health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gap analysis ofMycoplasma bovisdisease, diagnosis and control: An aid to identify future development requirements

Calcutt

Lysnyansky

Sachse

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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There is a worldwide problem of disease caused by Mycoplasma (M.) bovis in cattle; it has a significant detrimental economic and animal welfare impact on cattle rearing. Infection can manifest as a plethora of clinical signs including mastitis, pneumonia, arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis, otitis media and genital disorders that may result in infertility and abortion. Current diagnosis and control information are reviewed and analysed to identify gaps in knowledge of the causative organism in respect of the disease pathology, diagnosis and control methods. The main considerations are as follows: no vaccines are commercially available; antimicrobial resistance is increasing; diagnostic and antimicrobial sensitivity testing needs to be improved; and a pen-side test would facilitate more rapid diagnosis and implementation of treatment with antimicrobials. More data on host susceptibility, stress factors, immune response and infectious dose levels are required. The impact of asymptomatic carriers, M. bovis survival in the environment and the role of wildlife in transmitting the disease also needs investigation. To facilitate development of vaccines, further analysis of more M. bovis genomes, its pathogenic mechanisms, including variable surface proteins, is required, along with reproducible disease models.

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“…Trueperella (formerly Arcanobacterium ) pyogenes , Fusobacterium necrophorum , M. hemolytica , P. multocida , and M. bovis are also common respiratory pathogens in deer Haigh et al ., . While M. bovis has been documented in deer species Dyer et al ., ; the MIC has not. Assuming the MIC values for this pathogen are similar between cattle (1.0 μg/mL) and deer, tulathromycin is potentially an effective treatment for respiratory disease in deer due to the prolonged persistence of tulathromycin lung tissue at concentrations well above the MIC values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and lung and muscle concentrations of tulathromycin following subcutaneous administration in white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Bachtold

Alcorn

Boison

et al. 2015

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Respiratory tract infections are common in farmed North American white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Tulathromycin is approved for use in cattle but not deer but is often employed to treat deer. The pharmacokinetic properties and lung and muscle concentrations of tulathromycin in white-tailed deer were investigated. Tulathromycin was administered to 10 deer, and then, serum, lung, and muscle tulathromycin concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The mean maximal serum tulathromycin concentration in deer was 359 ng/mL at 1.3 h postinjection. The mean area under the serum concentration-time curve, apparent volume of distribution, apparent clearance, and half-life was 4883 ng·h/mL, 208 L/kg, 0.5 L/h/kg, and 281 h (11.7 days), respectively. The maximal tulathromycin concentration in lung and muscle homogenate from a single animal was 4657 ng/g (14 days) and 2264 ng/g (7 days), respectively. The minimum concentrations in lung and muscle were 39.4 ng/g (56 days) and 9.1 ng/g (56 days), respectively. Based on similarity in maximal serum concentrations between deer and cattle and high lung concentrations in deer, we suggest the recommended cattle dosage is effective in deer. Tissue concentrations persisted for 56 days, suggesting a need for longer withdrawal times in deer than cattle. Further tissue distribution and depletion studies are necessary to understand tulathromycin persistence in deer tissue; clinical efficacy studies are needed to confirm the appropriate dosage regimen in deer.

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Pulmonary Mycoplasmosis in Farmed White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia Outbreak in Captive Wild Ungulates at Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation, State of Qatar

Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia Outbreak in Captive Wild Ungulates at Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation, State of Qatar

Gap analysis ofMycoplasma bovisdisease, diagnosis and control: An aid to identify future development requirements

Pharmacokinetics and lung and muscle concentrations of tulathromycin following subcutaneous administration in white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

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