Pulmonary fungal infection with yeasts and<i>pneumocystis</i>in patients with hematological malignancy

Pagano, Livio; Caira, Morena; Fianchi, Luana

doi:10.1080/07853890510037374

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 63 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The most serious clinical manifestation of cryptococcal infection is meningoencephalitis, which is occasionally associated with cryptococcemia and is a predictor of poor outcome (2,3). Cryptococcal pneumonia is also serious, but it is associated with a better prognosis and is more prevalent in organ transplant and hematologic malignancy patients (4)(5)(6). More recently, an immune reconstitution syndrome has been described both in AIDS patients with the availability of antiretroviral therapy (7) and in organ transplant/hematologic malignancy patients (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of a CUF1/CTR4 copper regulatory axis in the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans

Waterman

Hacham²,

Hu³

et al. 2007

J. Clin. Invest.

123

182

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The study of regulatory networks in human pathogens such as Cryptococcus neoformans provides insights into host-pathogen interactions that may allow for correlation of gene expression patterns with clinical outcomes. In the present study, deletion of the cryptococcal copper-dependent transcription factor 1 (Cuf1) led to defects in growth and virulence factor expression in low copper conditions. In mouse models, cuf1Δ strains exhibited reduced dissemination to the brain, but no change in lung growth, suggesting copper is limiting in neurologic infections. To examine this further, a biologic probe of available copper was constructed using the cryptococcal CUF1-dependent copper transporter, CTR4. Fungal cells demonstrated high CTR4 expression levels after phagocytosis by macrophage-like J774.16 cells and during infection of mouse brains, but not lungs, consistent with limited copper availability during neurologic infection. This was extended to human brain infections by demonstrating CTR4 expression during C. neoformans infection of an AIDS patient. Moreover, high CTR4 expression by cryptococcal strains from 24 solid organ transplant patients was associated with dissemination to the CNS. Our results suggest that copper acquisition plays a central role in fungal pathogenesis during neurologic infection and that measurement of stable traits such as CTR4 expression may be useful for risk stratification of individuals with cryptococcosis.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of a CUF1/CTR4 copper regulatory axis in the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans

Waterman

Hacham²,

Hu³

et al. 2007

J. Clin. Invest.

123

182

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fungi which affect immunosuppressed individuals are frequently species of Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus, geographically restricted agents, and newly emerging fungal pathogens. 7,8 In one study, Aspergillus spp. was isolated from 33% (86/251 cases) of lung-transplantation recipients, which involved colonization (n = 50), tracheobronchial lesions (n = 17) or invasive aspergillosis (n = 19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Fungal Isolates of the Respiratory Tract in Symptomatic Patients Hospitalized in Pulmonary Units: A Mycological and Molecular Epidemiologic Study</p>

Rafat¹,

Hashemi²,

Ashrafi³

et al. 2020

JMDH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Fungal respiratory infections are being recognized with increasing frequency in parallel with an expanding population of immunocompromised patients. In most cases, colonization is the first step in the progression to pulmonary fungal infection. This study was designed to evaluate the distribution of fungal elements in the respiratory tract of symptomatic patients hospitalized in pulmonary units. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of two years, from October 2017 to October 2019 in Guilan province, located in Iran's northern region. In the current study, bronchoalveolar lavage or sputum specimens were collected. All samples were analyzed by direct microscopy using KOH 10% and culture. Fungal identification was accomplished by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and beta-tubulin sequencing. Also, in patients suspected of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, BAL specimens were tested for galactomannan (GM) antigen. Results: A total of 384 lung specimens (192 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and 192 sputum samples) were obtained from symptomatic patients hospitalized in pulmonary units. Of these, 137 (35.67%) were positive in direct examination and culture. Among the 137 positive cases, most isolates were from male patients 86 (62.77%) and most of them were between 46 and 72 years. Candida albicans (37.22%) and Candida tropicalis (21.89%) represent the two most commonly isolated species in the current study. Cough (94.16%), dyspnea (81.02%), purulent sputum (62.04%) and weight loss (56.2%) were the predominant symptoms and tuberculosis (24.81%), chemotherapy (21.89%) and diabetes mellitus (19.70%) were the predominant underlying conditions. Also, 5 cases of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and 1 case of mucormycosis were diagnosed. Conclusion: Candida albicans was the most common fungal species isolated from symptomatic patients hospitalized in pulmonary units. Tuberculosis, chemotherapy and diabetes mellitus were important underlying conditions for pulmonary fungal colonization and/or infection.

show abstract

“…PCP has emerged as a concern since the epidemic of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the 1980s and thus has been comprehensively studied in HIV-positive population [1]. However, since the early 2000s, more and more PCPs have been diagnosed among HIV-negative patients as the use of immunosuppressive agents increases in treating malignancies, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory diseases, as well as in solid organ transplants [2][3][4]. In contrast to HIV-positive PCP, where the mortality has been reduced to less than 20%, PCP in HIV-negative patients has a poor prognosis with mortality rates of 30-55% as previously reported [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome: Application of Lymphocyte Subset Analysis in Predicting Clinical Outcomes

Liu

Zheng

Liu

et al. 2020

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose. With immunosuppressants being widely used, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) has been increasing and could be life-threatening among HIV-negative patients.is study aimed at identifying prognostic factors of PCP in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Methods. We retrospectively investigated patients with nephrotic syndrome who were diagnosed with PCP. e diagnosis of PCP was based on clinical manifestations, radiological findings, and microbiological confirmatory tests. Predictors of outcome were determined with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results. A total of 57 patients were included in this study. e PCP mortality was 33.3%, which increased to 48.6% if ICU admission was required and to 60% when mechanical ventilation was needed. e T lymphocyte count and CD4/CD8 ratio independently predicted the outcome of PCP, so did the CD4 + T lymphocyte count (OR, 0.981; 95% CI, 0.967-0.996; p � 0.001). e cut-off value of 71 cells/μl for the CD4 + T lymphocyte count was determined to identify patients with poor prognosis. No association was found between PCP mortality and the type of immunosuppressant used. Conclusions. PCP is a fatal complication among nephrotic syndrome patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. e CD4 + T lymphocyte count is suggested as an independent predictor of prognosis, which can be used clinically to identify patients with high risk of unfavorable outcomes.

show abstract

Pulmonary fungal infection with yeasts andpneumocystisin patients with hematological malignancy

Cited by 25 publications

References 63 publications

Role of a CUF1/CTR4 copper regulatory axis in the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans

Role of a CUF1/CTR4 copper regulatory axis in the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans

<p>Fungal Isolates of the Respiratory Tract in Symptomatic Patients Hospitalized in Pulmonary Units: A Mycological and Molecular Epidemiologic Study</p>

Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome: Application of Lymphocyte Subset Analysis in Predicting Clinical Outcomes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About