Pulmonary function testing in small animals

Rozanski, Elizabeth A.; Hoffman, Andrew M.

doi:10.1016/s1096-2867(99)80017-6

Cited by 24 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Nevertheless, cats are unable to be cooperative or to exert maximal effort in the conscious state. Direct measurement of lung compliance and resistance can provide important information on ventilatory mechanics, and has been applied to either research cats or clinical feline patients; 2,8,9 nevertheless, the requirement on anaesthesia or intubation is not acceptable for many pet owners owing to increased risk for respiratory patients. Non-invasive RFT, which can be performed on conscious cats, is of considerable importance.…”

Section: Functional Assessment Of Expiratory Flow Pattern In Feline Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional assessment of expiratory flow pattern in feline lower airway disease

Lin

Lee

Liu

2013

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Feline lower airway disease (FLAD) is a chronic respiratory disease of which there is a lack of information on functional assessment in current veterinary medicine. The purposes of this study were to investigate expiratory pattern and evaluate the diagnostic utility of functional parameters in cats with FLAD. Thirty-three client-owned cats (23 FLAD cats and 10 control cats) were studied. Under quiet tidal breathing, pseudo-tidal breathing flow-volume loop (pTBFVL) was obtained from a barometric whole body plethysmography (BWBP) device. There were significant differences in the shapes of expiratory, but not inspiratory, curves between FLAD and control cats. The incidence of the presence of concave expiratory curve indicating lower airway obstruction was 74% in FLAD cats. To assess the diagnostic utility of pTBFVL indices in cats with FLAD, area under the receiver-operator curve was 0.86 for PEF/EF50 (peak expiratory flow divided by expiratory flow at end expiratory volume plus 50% tidal volume); a cuff-off value of PEF/EF50 >1.51 distinguished normal from FLAD (73.9% sensitivity, 100% specificity). There were no significant differences in traditionally measured BWBP parameters (ie, enhanced pause) between cats with and without FLAD in the present study. In conclusion, underlying change on expiratory flow pattern during natural tidal breathing existed in FLAD cats, and selected pTBFVL indices were useful in discriminating FLAD from normal cats. Tidal breathing pattern depicted by pseudoflow-pseudovolume loops from a BWBP system could be a non-invasive tool for functional assessment in client-owned cats.

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Section: Functional Assessment Of Expiratory Flow Pattern In Feline Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional assessment of expiratory flow pattern in feline lower airway disease

Lin

Lee

Liu

2013

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…Having a mask over the face may also result in stress in brachycephalic dogs, changing the respiratory waveforms [9]. Head-out whole body plethysmography (HOP) and spirometry encounter the same problem as the use of a face mask is required [13–16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome in French Bulldogs Using Whole-Body Barometric Plethysmography

et al. 2015

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Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) is an important health and welfare problem in several popular dog breeds. Whole-body barometric plethysmography (WBBP) is a non-invasive method that allows safe and repeated quantitative measurements of respiratory cycles on unsedated dogs. Here respiratory flow traces in French bulldogs from the pet population were characterised using WBBP, and a computational application was developed to recognise affected animals. Eighty-nine French bulldogs and twenty non-brachycephalic controls underwent WBBP testing. A respiratory functional grading system was used on each dog based on respiratory signs (i.e. respiratory noise, effort, etc.) before and after exercise. For development of an objective BOAS classifier, functional Grades 0 and I were considered to have insignificant clinical signs (termed here BOAS-) and Grades II and III to have significant signs (termed here BOAS+). A comparison between owner-perception of BOAS and functional grading revealed that 60 % of owners failed to recognise BOAS in dogs that graded BOAS+ in this study.WBBP flow traces were found to be significantly different between non-brachycephalic controls and Grade 0 French bulldogs; BOAS- and BOAS+ French bulldogs. A classifier was developed using quadratic discriminant analysis of the respiratory parameters to distinguish BOAS- and BOAS + French bulldogs, and a BOAS Index was calculated for each dog. A cut-off value of the BOAS Index was selected based on a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the classifier on the training group (n=69) were 0.97, 0.93, 0.95, and 0.97, respectively. The classifier was validated using a test group of French bulldogs (n=20) with an accuracy of 0.95. WBBP offers objective screening for the diagnosis of BOAS in French Bulldogs. The technique may be applied to other brachycephalic breeds affected by BOAS, and possibly to other respiratory disease in dogs.

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“…5 The second showed a dynamic upper airway obstruction, similar to that described by McKiernan and Johnson 32 and Rozanski and Hoffman. 33 TBFVL could be a valuable method for the initial evaluation of a dog suspected to be affected by TC. In humans, the sensitivity of TBFVL for detecting laryngomalacia and TM is almost 100 and 97.4%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tidal Breathing Flow-Volume Loop Analysis for the Diagnosis and Staging of Tracheal Collapse in Dogs

Pardali

Adαmama-Moraitou

Rallis

et al. 2010

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

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Background: Tracheoscopy is generally used for the diagnosis of tracheal collapse (TC) in dogs; yet, it is costly, requires anesthesia, and can irritate the airway. The tidal breathing flow-volume loop (TBFVL) is a safe, quick, and noninvasive pulmonary function test currently used in humans.Hypothesis: TBFVL will differentiate dogs with TC from healthy controls and contribute to disease grading. Animals: Twenty-eight dogs with naturally occurring TC and 10 healthy controls. Methods: Cross-sectional, prospective clinical study: The 38 dogs were assigned to one of 4 groups based on tracheoscopy results: group A (n 5 10, healthy controls), group B (n 5 10, grade I TC), group C (n 5 10, grade II TC), and group D (n 5 8, grade III TC). The TBFVL measurement was performed on all dogs and loops were assessed for their shape. Forty-four TBFVL parameters were calculated.Results: Two types of TBFVL shapes were identified: Type I, representative of the 10 healthy controls, and Type II, representative of the 28 dogs with TC. Statistical analysis showed the dogs could be differentiated into healthy or affected by TC by 3 indices, TE/TI (expiratory time divided by inspiratory time), TI/TTOT (inspiratory time divided by total respiratory time), and EF75/IF75 (expiratory flow at end tidal volume plus 75% end tidal volume divided by inspiratory flow at end tidal volume plus 75% end tidal volume). The TC could also be graded as mild-moderate (grades I and II) or severe (grade III), showing a diagnostic value of 97.4%.Conclusion and Clinical Importance: TBFVL is accurate, quick, noninvasive, and safe and can contribute to the diagnosis of TC in dogs.

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Pulmonary function testing in small animals

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Functional assessment of expiratory flow pattern in feline lower airway disease

Functional assessment of expiratory flow pattern in feline lower airway disease

Characterisation of Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome in French Bulldogs Using Whole-Body Barometric Plethysmography

Tidal Breathing Flow-Volume Loop Analysis for the Diagnosis and Staging of Tracheal Collapse in Dogs

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