Pulmonary Cryptosporidiosis in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Brady, Eileen M.

doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03350010055026

Cited by 63 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In patients with both intestinal and respiratory involvement, transient respiratory infection resulting from aspiration of gastrointestinal contents during vomiting has been suggested (59,91,101). While this pathogenesis is certainly plausible, at least one case demonstrated the presence of Cryptosporidium organisms in bronchial samples for over 3 months, reducing the likelihood of a fleeting respiratory infection precipitated by emesis (99).…”

Section: Other Possible Routes Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous cases of respiratory cryptosporidiosis have been characterized by coinfections with pathogens, including cytomegalo-virus (89,93,99), Pneumocystis jirovecii (105,114), and Mycobacterium (58,113). Mixed infections involving multiple pathogens have also been identified (59,98,(100)(101)(102)112). Nonetheless, Cryptosporidium has been solely recovered from the respiratory tracts of a substantial number of patients with clinical disease (25,58,61,62,65,66,92,104,113,115), suggesting a primary role for the organism as a respiratory pathogen.…”

Section: Other Possible Routes Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Evolution of Respiratory Cryptosporidiosis: Evidence for Transmission by Inhalation

2014

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SUMMARY The protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium infects all major vertebrate groups and causes significant diarrhea in humans, with a spectrum of diseases ranging from asymptomatic to life-threatening. Children and immunodeficient individuals are disproportionately affected, especially in developing countries, where cryptosporidiosis contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality in preschool-age children. Despite the enormous disease burden from cryptosporidiosis, no antiprotozoal agent or vaccine exists for effective treatment or prevention. Cryptosporidiosis involving the respiratory tract has been described for avian species and mammals, including immunocompromised humans. Recent evidence indicates that respiratory cryptosporidiosis may occur commonly in immunocompetent children with cryptosporidial diarrhea and unexplained cough. Findings from animal models, human case reports, and a few epidemiological studies suggest that Cryptosporidium may be transmitted via respiratory secretions, in addition to the more recognized fecal-oral route. It is postulated that transmission of Cryptosporidium oocysts may occur by inhalation of aerosolized droplets or by contact with fomites contaminated by coughing. Delineating the role of the respiratory tract in disease transmission may provide necessary evidence to establish further guidelines for prevention of cryptosporidiosis.

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Section: Other Possible Routes Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Possible Routes Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Respiratory Cryptosporidiosis: Evidence for Transmission by Inhalation

2014

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“…Biliary involvement by Cryptosporidium seems to be related to a more advanced stage of the disease and a low CD4 + T lymphocyte count, especially when it falls below 50 cells/mm 3 , with a higher risk of death due to cryptosporidiosis 21 . Our patient had a CD4 + T lymphocyte count of 35 cells/mm 3 , a twomonth hospital stay and died two months after discharge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the patient did not have any respiratory complaints, a simple chest X-ray revealed discrete and diffuse linear and micronodular interstitial infiltration. The CD4 + T cell count showed 35 cells/mm 3 . Antiretroviral treatment with stavudine, lamivudine and indinavir was initiated.…”

Section: Souza Lr Et Almentioning

confidence: 97%

Cryptosporidiosis of the biliary tract mimicking pancreatic cancer in an AIDS patient

Souza¹,

Rodrigues²,

Morceli³

et al. 2004

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…was recognized by Tyzzer (30) in 1907. Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan species in human infections, invading and residing in epithelial cells of the large intestine; it can also be found in epithelial cells of the bile duct, pancreatic duct, esophagus, stomach, and respiratory tract (4,17,18,29,31). In prolonged infections, it causes liquid diarrhea, dehydration, obstruction of the bile and pancreatic ducts, and pancreatitis, especially in AIDS (17,18,29).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium SP in HIV-infected individuals attending a Brazilian University Hospital

Langoni-Júnior¹,

Souza²

2007

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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ABSTRACT:The aim of the current work was to evaluate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium sp in AIDS patients in a region of São Paulo State, Brazil. Patients were divided into groups according to CD4 + T lymphocyte count and use of potent antiretroviral treatment. Two hundred and ten fecal samples from 105 patients were fixed in 10% formalin and subjected to centrifuge formol-ether sedimentation. Slides were stained with auramine and confirmed by modified Ziehl-Neelsen.Cryptosporidiosis occurrence was 10.5% with no relationship among gender, age or the presence of diarrhea. The number of oocysts in all samples was small, independent of CD4 + T lymphocyte count, HIV plasma viral load, and presence of diarrhea. These results may be due to the reduced prevalence of opportunistic infections in AIDS individuals after the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

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Pulmonary Cryptosporidiosis in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Cited by 63 publications

References 4 publications

The Evolution of Respiratory Cryptosporidiosis: Evidence for Transmission by Inhalation

The Evolution of Respiratory Cryptosporidiosis: Evidence for Transmission by Inhalation

Cryptosporidiosis of the biliary tract mimicking pancreatic cancer in an AIDS patient

Cryptosporidium SP in HIV-infected individuals attending a Brazilian University Hospital

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