Pulmonary choristoma in a new-born calf with multiple cranial and nervous malformations

Abstract

Multiple congenital malformations can occur concomitantly in several species since the anomaly in one organ may lead directly to the malformation of another. Additionally, the etiology is not always clarified. Choristoma refers to an ectopic tissue that is histologically normal in an abnormal location. A case of pulmonary and nodal choristoma associated with cranioschisis, hydrocephalus, and syringomyelia in a new-born calf is reported here. Clinically, the calf had a mass in the frontal region of the head associated with local bone deformation. At necropsy, there was cranioschisis in the junction of the frontal bones and a 14 × 10 × 7 cm mass, grossly consistent with well-differentiated pulmonary tissue covered by skin, covering the opening between the frontal bones, and extending into the cranial cavity, leading to local cerebral compression. With the pulmonary choristoma, there was a well-differentiated lymphoid tissue. Additionally, in the central nervous system, there was severe hydrocephalus involving lateral ventricles and multiple areas of syringomyelia in the spinal cord.

Uso de placa de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) no tratamento de craniosquise associada à meningocele em uma bezerra girolando: relato de caso

“…Os achados clínicos apresentados corroboram com a apresentação de relatos semelhantes de meningocele em bovinos, onde houve a presença de incoordenação motora, ataxia, dificuldade em se alimentar e ficar em estação, ausência de alteração em pares de nervos cranianos, além das alterações mascroscópicas, como o aumento de volume sacular, flutuante e repleto de líquido em região frontal de crânio (6,7) . Embora as anomalias congênitas sejam em geral facilmente reconhecidas com base em ampla abordagem clínica (8) , observou-se a necessidade da realização de exames de imagem para complementação e indicação de conduta cirúrgica.…”

Case report: Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary choristoma in a newborn calf

“…Extralobar pulmonary sequestration accounts for 14%–26% of human cases of pulmonary sequestration ( 10 , 14 ). In the veterinary literature, the congenital anomalies derived from lung tissues have been referred to by other names, including pulmonary sequestration ( 15 , 16 ), an ectopic or accessory lung ( 17 , 18 ), bronchopulmonary foregut malformation ( 19 ) and PC ( 3 , 4 , 9 , 20 ). A retrospective study using 28 bovine cases with PCs confirmed the subcutaneous involvements of these lesions in approximately 32% of animals, compared with approximately 68% of animals with intra-abdominal and intra-thoracic lesions ( 21 ).…”

“…Compared with the lower prevalence (14%) of the intralobar type of pulmonary sequestration accompanied with other anomalies, half of human patients with the extralobar type (PC) had various concurrent anomalies, accounting for 4% in involvements of skeletal deformities ( 14 ). Regarding congenital skeletal deformity associated with PC, two previous newborn calves had wide frontal or parietal bone defects associated with masses protruding from their head ( 3 , 16 ). Congenital vertebral abnormalities were also found in the previous bovine cases involving PCs in their backs ( 22 , 23 ).…”

“…Although the cause of the formation of spina bifida associated with PC is not fully known, as identified in the present case, subcutaneous formation of the congenital masses within the back, such as lipoma, choristoma, teratoma, and hamartoma, prior to neural tube closure can contribute to the formation of the spina bifida occulta in human patients ( 1 , 24 ). Common with the previous two animals with PCs on their heads, the ectopic structures may function as mechanical obstacles that induce skull fusion failure during the developmental period ( 3 , 16 ). Alternatively, the vertebral defects may be simply one of the common embryogenic anomalies that occur during the same fetal period as PCs; previous reports described the association of vertebral defects due to pulmonary hypoplasia and bronchogenic cysts ( 15 , 25 – 27 ).…”

“…Choristoma is an embryonic developmental anomaly where histologically normal tissues from various organs form in different anatomical positions to their origins (1)(2)(3)(4). Choristoma origins have reportedly included mammary, striated muscular, endometrial and müllerian tissues in human patients (1,2,(5)(6)(7)(8).…”