Pulmonary changes resulting from subchronic exposure to cadmium chloride aerosol

Abstract

Fischer-344 rats were exposed to 0.0, 0.3, 1.0, or 2.0 mg Cd/m3 as CdCl2 aerosol for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk, for 62 exposure days. Exposure to 2.0 mg Cd/m3 resulted in rapid weight loss, and all of the animals died within the first 45 exposure days. As a group, female rats survived significantly longer than the males. Exposure to Cd resulted in dose-dependent increases in lung weight. The increased weight was the result of additional tissue mass rather than edema. Both connective-tissue components, elastin and collagen, were significantly increased in the 1.0-mg/m3 group when these components were expressed on the basis of dry weight. Dose-dependent changes at the terminal bronchioles consisted of hyperplasia and flattening of type II cells, inflammation, and the proliferation of fibroblasts. Exposure to Cd also resulted in the development of intralymphatic microgranulomas in the perivascular and peribronchiolar lymphoid tissues.

Comparison of functional, biochemical, and morphometric alterations in the lungs of 4 rat strains and hamsters following repeated intratracheal instillation of crocidolite asbestos

“…The increase in rat lung weight suggests hypercellularity due to a chronic inflammatory response, the lung's own repair process, and/or new lung tissue (including fibrosis), which reflected across each of the rodent models as increases in protein, DNA as well as elastin and hydroxyproline (i.e., collagen). Such changes have been reported previously [40,[59][60][61].…”

“…Moreover, hypoxia appears to be a stimulus for lung growth and expansion [64], which parallels the hypoxia, likely experienced in the rats with peribronchiolar fibrosis. Abnormal lung growth has also been reported in rats exposed to acrolein [40], cadmium chloride [61], silica [65,66], and by irradiation [67].…”

Impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in cadmium-hypertensive rats

“…Several studies in the literature reported the weight loss, whereas no significant weight gain was seen in rats exposed to this level of CdCl 2 . Kutzman and coworkers exposed male and female rats to 0, 0.3, 1.0, or 2.0 mg Cd/m 3 6 h per day, 5 days per week for a total of 62 exposures at the end of which marked weight loss were observed in the highest dose group (Kutzman, et al, 1986). A study from Turkey also showed a CdCl 2 caused body weight loss, was reversed by Licopene (Rencuzogullari and Erdogan, 2007).…”

Neurobehavioural effects of occupational exposure to cadmium: a cross sectional epidemiological study

“…After long term repeated exposure to Cd, the neurotoxic effects in adolescent or adult rats, however, may be different. On inhalation of CdCl 2 aerosols (5 days/week, 6 h/day, for 12 weeks) rats showed no change at 0.33 mg Cd/m3, but there was a significant increase of relative brain weight at 1.034 mg Cd/m 3 36. Oral or intraperitoneal Cd dosing induced aggressive behaviour,15increased failure to respond to a conditioned or unconditioned stimulus,16 decreased locomotor, exploratory, and rearing activities 13…”