Publisher's Note: General scaling relations for locomotion in granular media [Phys. Rev. E 95 , 052901 (2017)]

Abstract

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.95.052901.

Helically-driven granular mobility and gravity-variant scaling relations

“…Recent granular scaling laws have been developed in the literature which have implications for traversing granular media. 46 These have been tested and conrmed for arbitrarily shaped, rotating intruders of uniform thickness in one dimension. This includes a classic wheel shape, a lugged wheel, and even a rotating rectangular bar.…”

“…These were experimentally validated in the literature. 46 However, a key feature of the scaling laws is focus on strictly uniform-thickness wheels with the axis of rotation perpendicular to the direction of translational motion. This motion is primarily driven by contact forces with particles near or on the surface of the granular media and to a certain depth based on stress envelopes.…”

“…These scaling laws also successfully predicted the DEM simulations results of gravity variation on arbitrarily shaped wheels. 46 We evaluate a gravity-variant subset of these laws with our helical geometry and examine whether the cra adheres to such scaling.…”

Studying the Kinetics of a Self-Propelled Cruiser in 2D Granular Media under Gravity

“…However, similar endeavors to study mobile machines in athermal fluids such as nonequilibrium granular materials have been initiated only recently [1], mainly because the nonequilibrium features make developing a governing equation of the system a challenging task [2]. Among the finite attempts tackling this challenge in the literature, except some artificial designs [3][4][5][6][7][8], most of them are bio-inspired, such as mimicking sandfish, lizard and snake [4,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15], insects [16] and clam that uses an intricate way to move forward by swallowing and discharging sands [17,18]. Learning from the nature has the benefit of always having an original counterpart that has been optimised through long evolution to compare with, and the mimicked designs are guaranteed to function under known conditions.…”

A vehicle with a two-wheel steering system mobile in shallow dense granular media

“…Partly it is because of the complexity of designing a mobile machine within a medium with equal stiffness. More importantly, the nonequilibrium and discrete features of athermal media make formulating a universal governing equation describing their rheology a very difficult task [1], except under specific conditions approximating the media as a continuum [2][3][4][5]. In the literature, most designs for a vehicle in granular materials were initiated by mimicking creatures in nature, including sandfish and lizard [3,[6][7][8], insects [9] and clam [10,11].…”